State of the Art 1769 suppressed trauma patients (27). New evidence suggests that the
central nervous system can directly, and rapidly, attenuate the TNF response to endotoxin …

High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1, formerly known as HMG-1), a highly conserved
ubiquitous protein, has been for a long time described as a nuclear DNA-binding protein …

A nuclear protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released passively by necrotic
cells and actively by macrophages/monocytes in response to exogenous and endogenous …

Background The various methods of lumbar interbody fusion have been described in the
literature. With the development of the lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) approach, a wider …

Cerebral and myocardial ischemia, two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide, are associated with inflammation that can lead to multiple organ failure and death. …

Object Lateral transpsoas interbody fusion (LTIF) permits anterior column lumbar interbody
fusion via a direct lateral approach. The authors sought to answer 3 questions. First, what is …

We recently discovered that a ubiquitous protein, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1),
is released by activated macrophages, and functions as a late mediator of lethal systemic …

Bacterial endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] stimulates macrophages to sequentially
release early [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] and late [high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)] …

Background: Surgical site infection in the spine is a serious postoperative complication.
Factors such as posterior surgical approach, arthrodesis, use of spinal instrumentation, age, …

Background A liver-derived protein, fetuin-A, was first purified from calf fetal serum in 1944,
but its potential role in lethal systemic inflammation was previously unknown. This study aims …