Background Both neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery are male-dominated specialties.
However, the prevalence of women appears to be even lower in the spine surgery field. We …

Abstract Background Context Despite recent advances in gender equity in medicine, the
representation of women in orthopedic and neurosurgery remains particularly low …

Background Though women now comprise approximately 21.5% of all neurosurgery
residents in the United States, women only represent 10% of practicing neurosurgeons …

During the last five decades, women's participation in medicine has increased dramatically.
In 2020, women accounted for 53.6% of all matriculating medical students (Association of …

BACKGROUND/CONTEXT Women represent a small minority of practicing orthopedic
surgeons and neurosurgeons, with spine surgery having a disproportionately low …

Background Women have historically been underrepresented as editors of peer-reviewed
medical journals. Studies have demonstrated that there are differences in editorial board …

OBJECTIVE At present, females constitute less than 10% of neurosurgeons in the US,
despite representing approximately half of all medical students. Multiple barriers have been …

OBJECTIVE Publications are key for advancement within academia. Although women are
underrepresented in academic neurosurgery, the rates of women entering residency …

Methods: All articles from Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Journal of the American
Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research from …

Low-and middle-income countries contribute to only a small percentage of publications in
multiple medical fields. Editorial bias was reported to be an important reason for this …