Degenerative disc disease (DDD) affects the intervertebral discs (IVDs) that separate the
vertebral bodies in the spinal column. Age-related and pathology-driven changes in spinal …

Conclusion The main difference between the biological and surgical treatment of IVD is that
biological therapies are aimed at restoring the functionality of the degenerated disc rather …

Chronic back and neck pain is a prevalent disability, often caused by degeneration of the
intervertebral disc. Because current treatments for this condition are less than satisfactory, a …

Despite ongoing research and recent clinical advancements, degeneration of the
intervertebral discs (IVDs) and associated back pain remain ubiquitous and expensive …

Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is a common, chronic, and complex degeneration
process that frequently leads to back pain and disability, resulting in a major public health …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a condition that is very prevalent throughout the
world and is a leading cause of back pain. The socioeconomic burden that back pain has …

Intervertebral disc disease is characterized by a series of deleterious changes in cellularity
that lead to loss of extracellular matrix structure, altered biomechanical loading, and …

Lumbar back pain is a clinical entity of global significance. Intervertebral disc degeneration
(IDD) is a commonly attributed source of lumbar back pain that has a vast potential for …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause of low back pain and most spinal
disorders. As IVD degeneration is a major obstacle to the healthy life of so many individuals …

Low back pain and neck pain are the first and fourth leading causes, respectively, of years
lived with disability. 1 The widespread prevalence of back pain makes it among the most …