We report a case of bilateral three-level lumbar spondylolysis that was directly repaired by
use of hook-screw technique. The patient complained of low back pain for 2 years that …

Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) is a rare condition in adults and is almost always due to
an accompanying trauma. The first example of traumatic AARF in adults was reported by …

The dropped head syndrome (DHS) is a disabling condition caused by severe weakness of
the neck extensor muscles causing progressive reducible kyphosis of the cervical spine and …

Background: Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) occurs mostly in adult males,
typically in the thoracolumbar spine where it may contribute to neurological deficits. Here we …

Traumatic spondyloptosis of the thoracic spine is an uncommon injury. In most cases,
spondyloptosis is confined to one vertebral body, whereas double-level spondyloptosis is …

Background: In osteoporotic patients, a useful technique for significantly enhancing the
strength of a pedicle screw is augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate cement. However, a …

Background: The thoracolumbar junction from T11 to L2 is a common site of injury in which
fracture and dislocations are the most prevalent ones occurring at this location. Fracture …

This report is composed of two patients with anteriorly located cervical intradural arachnoid
cyst and review of 24 cases in Englishlanguage literature. Both of our patients were in the …

: Aneurysms of the extracranial vertebral artery are rare because of the protection afforded
by the bony canal, and the literature contains only a few limited reports on this subject. In the …

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum or OLF is a disease with heterotopic ossification in
this spinal ligament. The key of OLF pathogenesis is the differentiation of fibroblasts into …