Background Low back pain (LBP) is a common cause of disability worldwide; multiple causes
and risk factors have been proposed in the genesis of back pain. Some studies reported …

… Cammisa MD , Celeste Abjornson PhD … were washed with deionized water and stored
in a refrigerator at 4C. … work; Royalties: Nuvasive Inc (C); Stock Ownership: Scientix USA (1%), …

… (C) Navigated probe passed in lieu of lateral fluoroscopy to determine proper screw … (B)
CAN drill guide for navigated drilling of C2 lamina and (C) navigated pointer used in similar …

… In the disc plus fusion combination (construct C), the ALEs were similar to the 1-level fusion
… The specimens T12 to S1 were stored in double plastic bags at −20C until preparation and …

… A TDR was then performed using the ProDisc-C artificial disc replacement (Synthes, Paoli,
PA) according to manufacturer specifications at the C3–C4 level, above the simulated two-…

… They were radiographically screened to confirm the absence of bridging osteophytes and
metastatic disease, and thawed at room temperature (20C), 24 hours before testing. The …

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of pedicle screw placement, as well
as intraoperative factors, radiation exposure, and complication rates in adult patients with …

… The cannula and foam construct were placed in a saline bath at 37 C for at least 10 min
and then secured in a TA HD plus Texture Analyzer (Stable Micro Systems). Once prepared, …

… The specimens were stored in a −20C freezer and were thawed slowly over 48 hours in a
+4C refrigerator before test day. Motion segments from L3–L5 were subsequently tested. …

Autologous bone graft remains the gold standard by which bone graft substitutes are compared
in spine fusion surgery. The utilization of bone graft substitutes, either as (1) an extender …