Neurovascular dysfunction contributes to A lzheimer's disease ( AD ). Cerebrovascular
abnormalities and blood–brain barrier ( BBB ) damage have been shown in AD . The BBB …

Object Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement remains the mainstay treatment for pediatric
hydrocephalus. These devices have a relatively high complication and failure rate, often …

There has been an increased focus on the neurological sequelae of repetitive mild traumatic
brain injury (TBI), particularly neurodegenerative syndromes, such as chronic traumatic …

Lumbar interbody fusion involves insertion of a structural graft into an intervertebral disc
space to promote bony arthrodesis. It is a well-established surgical strategy for multiple spinal …

Background: An animal model of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is essential for
further understanding the pathophysiological link between repetitive head injury and the …

OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive anterolateral retroperitoneal approaches for lumbar interbody
arthrodesis have distinct advantages attractive to spine surgeons. Prepsoas or transpsoas …

Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is considered a multifactorial disease
that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The last two decades of research …

Insight into the historic contributions made to modern-day spine surgery provides context for
understanding the monumental accomplishments comprising current techniques, technology…

OBJECTIVE Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a useful minimally invasive technique
for achieving anterior interbody fusion and preserving or restoring lumbar lordosis. However, …

The indications for operative intervention after thoracolumbar spine trauma have been well
described. Advances in minimally invasive techniques, including percutaneous pedicle …