Background— In diabetes or atherosclerosis, ectopic bone, fat, cartilage, and marrow often
develop in arteries. However the mechanism is unknown. We have previously identified a …

Background context Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is symptomatic deterioration of spinal
levels adjacent to the site of a previous fusion. A critical issue related to ASD is whether …

BACKGROUND: Spine surgery is complicated by an incidence of 1% to 9% of surgical site
infection (SSI). The most common organisms are gram-positive bacteria and are endogenous…

Study Design. Retrospective review. Objective. (1) To describe change in treatment patterns
for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).(2) To report regional variation in treatment of DS.(3…

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common nosocomial infections. These complications
lead to revision surgery, delayed wound healing, increased use of antibiotics, and …

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine if the duration of symptoms
affects outcomes following the treatment of intervertebral lumbar disc herniation. Methods: …

Study Design. Retrospective subgroup analysis of prospectively collected data according to
treatment received. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity …

Objective: To study radiographic and clinical outcomes after transforaminal lumbar interbody
fusion (TLIF) in order to determine the impact of TLIF on lumbar lordosis, intervertebral …

Study Design. Retrospective subgroup analysis of prospectively collected data according to
treatment received. Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the duration …

Vascular calcification develops within atherosclerotic lesions and results from a process
similar to osteogenesis. One of the paracrine regulators of bone-derived osteoblasts, insulin-like …