Study Design. The thickness and structure of the vertebral body cortex were examined from
sections of human cadaveric vertebrae. Objectives. The objectives were to identify the …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Researchers studying early pedicle screw designs have suggested
that pullout strength and insertional torque are correlated. For surgeons using pedicle …

Aging is the major risk factor that contributes to the onset of cervical spondylosis. Several
acute and chronic symptoms can occur that start with neck pain and may progress into cervical …

Study Design. A biomechanical study was conducted to assess the stabilization performance
of transfacet pedicle screw fixation. Objective. To compare the biomechanical effects of …

Object. The authors conducted a study to assess the effect of a pilot hole preparation on
screw pullout resistance and screw insertional torque. Methods. Three different screws were …

Study Design. A cadaveric biomechanical experiment was conducted to assess the range of
motion (ROM) and screw strain at S1 in a long instrumented spinal fusion construct to …

Study Design. An anatomic study of pedicle dimensions and orientation was performed for
upper thoracic vertebrae from elderly human subjects. Objectives. To quantify dimensions of …

Background S1 screw failure and L5/S1 non-union are issues with long fusions to S1. Improved
construct stiffness and S1 screw offloading can help avoid this. S2AI screws have shown …

Study Design. In vitro biomechanical comparison of transarticular facet screws to lateral
mass plates in two level instrumentations of the cervical spine. Objective. Lateral mass plates …

Bone fusion can be achieved by one or more of three methods: in situ, onlay, and interbody
fusion. Interbody implants provide the spine with the ability to bear an axial load. They …