For centuries philosophers and scientists have grappled with the existence and meaning of
the differences between the sexes but the idea that there may be differences between the …

The circadian rhythms displayed by numerous biological functions are known to be sex
specific and affected by aging. It has not been settled yet whether the sex‐ and age‐related …

Studies aimed at analyzing the deleterious effects of excess alcohol in the brain have revealed
structural alterations that are often associated with functional and behavioral disturbances…

Previous data revealed that numerous neurons in the supraoptic nucleus degenerate after
prolonged ethanol exposure, and that the surviving neurons increase their activity in order to …

Neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) display structural and
biochemical sex differences in response to estrogen. Despite this fact, reports on sex differences …

We have examined the behavioral and neuroanatomical effects of long-term alcohol intake
in rats ingesting a 20% solution of ethanol for 30 weeks. Previous studies have shown that …

We have examined if long-term (13 months) alcohol consumption and the same treatment
followed by a 6-week withdrawal period cause different neuropathological changes in rats. …

Early life, covering childhood and adolescence in humans, is an important period of brain
development and maturation. Experimental works in rodents have shown that high-caloric …

Prolonged seizures induced by neurotoxins or intracranial electrical stimulation provoke death
of hippocampal neurons, which results in conspicuous learning and memory deficits. We …

The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARN) is involved in a variety of functions known
to be sexually dimorphic and altered by aging. Although the effects of sex and age on the …