BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered the fifth leading cause of visual
impairment worldwide and is associated with a huge social and economic burden. OBJECTIVE: …

Background The Harris Hip Score (HHS) questionnaire has been translated and validated
into many languages including Italian, Portuguese, and Turkish but not Arabic. The goal of …

This study aimed to translate and adapt the Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain
questionnaire into the Arabic language and evaluate the validity and reliability of this scale for …

Background Posterior lumbar fusions are a common and successful procedure, yet surgical
site infection (SSI) is still prevalent and causes significant morbidity. Obesity is a well-…

Background Osteochondromas, classified as a new benign subtype of lipomas and characterised
by chondroid and osseous differentiation, are rare lesions that have been infrequently …

Purpose Narcolepsy is an uncommon neurological disorder characterized by excessive
daytime sleepiness (EDS) and multiple other symptoms. Due to the under-recognition of …

Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a subtype of anxiety characterized by avoidance,
fear, and physical symptoms such as dry mouth, sweating, palpitations, and blushing. …

Objectives: The current study aims to translate and culturally adapt the Patient-Rated Elbow
Evaluation (PREE) into Arabic while also investigating its reliability and validity. Methods: …

Background Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a common complication of long spinal
fusion. The prevalence of PJK ranges between 6 and 41% and frequently requires reoperation. …

Background Charcot's arthropathy (CA) is a destructive rare complication of diabetes, and
its diagnosis remains challenging for foot specialists and surgeons. We aimed to assess the …