Introduction Surgeons’ interest in image and/or robotic guidance for spinal implant placement
is increasing. This technology is continually improving and may be particularly useful in …

Background Some early studies with robotic-assisted pedicle screw implantation have
suggested these systems increase accuracy of screw placement. However, the relationship …

Introduction The ultrasonic BoneScalpel is a tissue-specific device that allows the surgeon to
make precise osteotomies while protecting collateral or adjacent soft tissue structures. The …

Introduction It has been shown that pedicle screw instrumentation in the cervical spine has
superior biomechanical pullout strength and stability. However, due to the complex and …

Purpose To review our experience with robotic guided S2-alar iliac (S2AI) screw placement.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent S2AI fixation with robotic …

Differential rhodopsin gene expression within specialized R7 photoreceptor cells divides
the retinas of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes into distinct domains. The …

Background Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of patients with metastatic or
primary spine tumors. In recent years, various new techniques, such as robotic assisted spine …

Visual perception of the environment plays an important role in many mosquito behaviors.
Characterization of the cellular and molecular components of mosquito vision will provide a …

Two serine proteinase genes were isolated from Culex pipiens pallens as significantly up-regulated
genes in a deltamethrin-resistant strain through a combination of suppression …

The retina of the mosquito Aedes aegypti can be divided into four regions based on the non-overlapping
expression of a UV sensitive Aaop8 rhodopsin and a long wavelength sensitive …