BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) have been used to study
various diseases, particularly since echo-planar techniques shorten examination time. Our …

Previous meta-analyses have shown the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for
insomnia (CBT-I). However, conclusive information about therapeutic effects (especially during …

Recent progress in biological clock research has facilitated genetic analysis of circadian
rhythm sleep disorders, such as delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and non‐24‐h sleep–…

✓ To investigate overcrowding in the posterior cranial fossa as the pathogenesis of adult-type
Chiari malformation, the authors studied the morphology of the brainstem and cerebellum …

Background Narcolepsy type 1 is caused by severe loss or lack of brain orexin neuropeptides.
Methods We conducted a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of TAK-994, an …

A Task Force was established by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG)
to develop evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for the long-…

Background Various Japanese versions of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) have been
used, but none was developed via standard procedures. Here we report on the construction …

OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term clinical results after balloon-occluded
retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) for gastric varices with spontaneous gastrorenal …

Aim The aim of this study was to develop and validate a J apanese version of the A thens I
nsomnia S cale ( AIS‐J ). Methods The AIS‐J was created using a back‐translation design. A …

A Task Force was established by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG)
in conjunction with the European Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (EURLSSG) …