Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's
declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental …

BACKGROUND Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is used to treat multiple conditions,
including spondylolisthesis, degenerative disc disorders, adjacent segment disease, and …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND CONTENT Cervical laminoplasty (LP) and laminectomy and
fusion (LF) are commonly used surgical techniques for cervical spondylotic myelopathy …

OBJECTIVE There is ongoing debate on the relative benefits and drawbacks of
polyetheretherketone (PEEK) versus titanium (Ti) in generating a bone-to-implant surface …

Study Design. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected registry data. Objective. To
develop and validate prediction models for 12-month patient-reported outcomes of disability …

Objective The aims of this study were to determine the time trend of demographics,
complications, and outcomes for patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody …

Objective To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of current
retrospective cohort studies to identify significant preoperative risk factors for prolonged …

Abstract Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of environmental
pollutants, is one of the main ingredients in cigarettes and an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon …

Introduction: Tobacco use is related to augmented morbidity and mortality. People who
smoke heavily before orthopedic surgery may have more nonmedical complications than …

Smoking aggravates skin necrosis as a complication of random-pattern flap ischaemia.
Sildenafil and nitroglycerin (NTG) are vasodilator agents that may affect skin flap survival …