Many types of surgeries are changing from conventional to minimally invasive techniques.
Techniques in spine surgery have also changed, with endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) …

Background Minimally invasive endoscopic technique is an important component of
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol for neurosurgery. In recent years …

Background Currently, hidden blood loss (HBL) has been paid more and more attention by
spine surgeons. Simultaneously, it has been the effort of spine surgeons to explore more …

Purpose Studies about the clinical efficacy of endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion using an
enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway are insufficient. Thus, the purpose of this …

Objective Expandable cage technology has emerged for lumbar interbody fusion to restore
intervertebral disc space height and alignment through a narrow surgical corridor. The …

Background Recently, unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (BE-LIF) has
been successfully applied for degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine, with good clinical …

Background: Endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion is a new technology that is mostly used for
single-segment and unilateral lumbar spine surgery. The purpose of this study was to …

Purpose To evaluate the learning curve and complications in unilateral biportal endoscopic
transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (ULIF) using the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) analysis …

Objective This research aims to compare the clinical outcomes of VBE-TLIF and MIS-TLIF for
the treatment of patients with single-level degenerative lumbar diseases. Methods Ninety …

Endoscopic surgery has been widely accepted in the whole surgical field, as well as in the
field of spinal surgery. The characteristic of endoscopic surgery is to puts the camera eye in …