This article reviews the flexible robotic surgery and navigation technologies that are
currently available and under research development, in particular for transoral robotic …

Creep-associated changes in disc bulging and axial strains are essential for the research
and development of mechano-bionic biomaterials and have been assessed in various ways …

Most in vitro studies are limited in the ability to partition intervertebral disc (IVD) height loss
from total specimen height loss since the net changes in the actuator position of the …

Study Design. Cadaveric study to accurately measure lumbar neuroforaminal area and
height throughout the flexion-extension range of motion (ROM). Objective. Create a new …

The internal hydrostatic pressure (IHP) of the intervertebral disc is the functional and
physiological basis of the spine. Disc bulging is a direct effect of increased IHP and can be …

OBJECTIVE Spinal stability is attributed in part to osteoligamentous structures, including the
vertebral body, facets, intervertebral discs, and posterior elements. The materials in this …

Nerve compression due to intervertebral disc (IVD) bulging is a known mechanism for low
back pain and typically occurs in the posterior region of the disc. Most in vitro studies are …

ABSTRACT A computerised system for measuring radial displacement of the intervertebral
disc (IVD) based on laser scanning was developed and validated. The system is designed to …

The signs and symptoms of low back pain (LBP) associated with disc herniation (DLBP) and
its underlying mechanism (s) are not well supported. One theory proposes that some low …

The intervertebral foramen may influence spinal nerve roots and, therefore, be related to the
corresponding dermatomal pain. In vivo evaluation of the intervertebral foramen–dermatome …