BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to describe the mechanical durability and the
clinical and radiographic outcomes of a viscoelastic total disc replacement (VTDR). The …

A viscoelastic artificial disc may more closely replicate normal stiffness characteristics of the
healthy human disc compared with first-generation total disc replacement (TDR) devices …

Background Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed spinal
diseases. The symptoms these disorders cause are anticipated to increase as the …

Background context The surgical treatment of degenerative disc disease at the lumbar spine
may involve fusion. Total disc replacement (TDR) is an alternative treatment to avoid fusion …

Background Total lumbar disc replacement (TDR) devices have been designed to maintain
motion, but both biomechanical and clinical data have indicated that a more controlled …

Arthrodesis remains the current gold standard treatment for degenerative disc disease that is
unresponsive to prolonged nonsurgical modalities. Total disc replacement (TDR) is a rapidly …

BACKGROUND: Elastomeric disc replacements have been developed to restore normal
shock absorption and physiologic centers of rotation to the degenerated disc. The Physio-L …

Study Design. A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled, investigational device
exemption (IDE) noninferiority trial. Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the 5 …

Background Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) has shown satisfactory clinical outcomes
with few complications and reoperations at short-term follow-up, but the mid-to long-term …

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is highly prevalent. If conservative treatment fails, spinal
fusion procedures are commonly performed. Total disc replacement (TDR) might be a …