Background The kidneys, ribs, liver, spleen, and iliac crests can pose access-related issues
to the disc space during both anterior-to-psoas (ATP) and transpsoas (TP) surgical …

METHODS: The vascular window, psoas window, safe window, and incision line anterior
and posterior margins for the ATP approach were measured on abdominal computed …

Study Design. Retrospective cohort study. Objectives. To analyze complications associated
with minimally invasive anterolateral retroperitoneal antepsoas lumbosacral fusion (MIS …

Study Design. Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Objective. To investigate
the size of prepsoas surgical corridors, developed between the iliopsoas and prespinal …

OBJECT The purpose of this study was to analyze MR images of the lumbar spine and
document: 1) the oblique corridor at each lumbar disc level between the psoas muscle and …

Background We investigated impact of vertebral axial rotation on neurovascular anatomy in
adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients and provided recommendations on the approach …

Purpose The minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach is a recent
technique developed for lumbar interbody fusion and discectomy. The proximity of the …

Study Design. A retrospective study using 323 contrast-enhanced, multi-planner three-
dimensional computed (3D-CT) scans. Objective. The aim of this study was to identify risk …

Study Design: This is a retrospective case series. Objective: Define the anatomic variations
and the risk factors for such within the operative corridor of the transpsoas lateral interbody …

Object Access to the intervertebral discs from L2–S1 in one surgical position can be
challenging. The transpsoas minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approach is preferred by …