Research ArticleCervical Spine

No Difference in Functional Outcome but Higher Revision Rate Among Smokers Undergoing Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement: Analysis of a Spine Registry

LEE WEN-SHEN, MAKSIM LAI WERN SHENG, WILLIAM YEO, TAN SEANG BENG, YUE WAI MUN, GUO CHANG MING and MOHAMMAD MASHFIQUL ARAFIN SIDDIQUI
International Journal of Spine Surgery December 2020, 14 (6) 916-923; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14444/7140

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    Methodology of patient selection. A total of 137 of 231 patients were included; 36 were excluded because of concurrent fusion, and 58 did not meet the 2-year follow-up requirement. No patients had trauma, tumors, or infections.

  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    The American Association of Orthopaedic Surgery (AAOS) Neck Pain Disability Score before surgery, and at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. Patients had a significant improvement in both groups, with no statistical difference between smokers and nonsmokers.

  • Figure 3
    Figure 3

    The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) Limb Pain Score at baseline, 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. Patients had a significant improvement in both groups, with no statistical difference between smokers and nonsmokers.

  • Figure 4
    Figure 4

    The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) Neck Pain Score at baseline, 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. Patients had a significant improvement in both groups, with no statistical difference between smokers and nonsmokers.

  • Figure 5
    Figure 5

    Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Cervical Myelopathy Scores at baseline, 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. Patients had a significant improvement in both groups, with no statistical difference between smokers and nonsmokers.

  • Figure 6
    Figure 6

    American Association of Orthopaedic Surgery (AAOS) Cervical Instrumentation Questionnaire—question 8. Both smokers and nonsmokers reported similar rates of return to full function, with no statistical difference between smokers and nonsmokers.

  • Figure 7
    Figure 7

    American Association of Orthopaedic Surgery (AAOS) Cervical Instrumentation Questionnaire—question 48. Both smokers and nonsmokers reported surgery meeting their expectations at the 2-year mark, with no statistical difference between smokers and nonsmokers.

  • Figure 8
    Figure 8

    American Association of Orthopaedic Surgery (AAOS) Cervical Instrumentation Questionnaire—question 53. Both smokers and nonsmokers reported satisfactory outcomes for their neck and arm pain at the 2-year mark, with no statistical difference between smokers and nonsmokers.

  • Figure 9
    Figure 9

    Sagittal computed tomography scan of a nonsmoking patient showing bony overgrowth around the artificial disc.

  • Figure 10
    Figure 10

    Postoperative X-ray of the same patient showing anterior cervical fusion with a plate and cage after removal of the artificial disc.

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No Difference in Functional Outcome but Higher Revision Rate Among Smokers Undergoing Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement: Analysis of a Spine Registry
LEE WEN-SHEN, MAKSIM LAI WERN SHENG, WILLIAM YEO, TAN SEANG BENG, YUE WAI MUN, GUO CHANG MING, MOHAMMAD MASHFIQUL ARAFIN SIDDIQUI
International Journal of Spine Surgery Dec 2020, 14 (6) 916-923; DOI: 10.14444/7140
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