Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
The components necessary to create the augmented reality heads-up display (AR-HUD) system. This shows the connection from the Ziehm through a digital visual interface (DVI)- high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) converter to the Moverio BT-35E glasses via an HDMI cable with the battery pack that would fit inside the user's pocket during the procedure.
- Figure 2
View of the image that is displayed within the augmented reality heads-up display (AR-HUD) system as seen from the operator's perspective (black line is not on actual display; it is only used to cover up patient identity).
- Figure 3
Case 1. C6-C7 cervical arthroplasty was successfully performed using an augmented reality heads-up display (AR-HUD) system under fluoroscopic guidance (panel A) for a C6-7 dis herniation (panel B). The placement of the Caspar pins (panel C) parallel to the endplates is important to allow symmetric distraction during cervical arthroplasty. AR-HUD allows for continuous visualization of x-ray images while malleting Caspar pin into the vertebral body. In addition, during the placement of trials and artificial discs into the disc space with the thecal sac exposed, AR-HUD allows the surgeon to view the lateral x-ray images without taking his eyes off his hands. Post-operative imaging shows successful placement of arthroplasty (panel D).
- Figure 4
Case 2. L1-L3 direct lateral interbody fusion and extension of fusion from T10-L5 using an augmented reality heads-up display (AR-HUD) system (panel A). Pre-operative imaging shows prior hardware from a previous surgery (panel B). During the pedicle screw placements with fluoroscopic guidance, lateral x-ray images are displayed within the surgeon's field of view; therefore, the surgeon can easily adjust or continue the trajectory of pedicle probe (or a screw) into the pedicle (panel C). Notice that in A, the attending surgeon is placing a pedicle screw with his back turned to the monitor. He is able to see the lateral x-ray images while looking straight at his hand without turning his body to see the monitor. This continuous overlay of x-ray images into the surgeon's field of view obviates the need for diverting his/her attention. Panel D shows post-operative imaging with successful extension of prior fusion.
- Figure 5
Case 3. Extension of prior T10-L4 fusion (panel B) to pelvis with L5-S1 posterior lumbar interbody fusion using an augmented reality heads-up display (AR-HUD) system (panel A). When the resident is learning how to place a pedicle screw, it requires careful supervision from an experienced spine surgeon to teach proper technique to the resident. In A, the attending surgeon is standing on the right and the resident is on the left. The attending surgeon is able to view the x-ray images on AR-HUD while the resident is placing an S1 pedicle screw under lateral x-ray guidance (panel C). In addition, AR-HUD allows for continuous visualization of x-ray images during discectomy, endplate preparation, and the placement of an interbody cage through Kambin's triangle. Panel D shows post-operative imaging of successful extension of fusion.
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.