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Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics of propensity score–matched cohorts by treatment group (N = 12,248).
Characteristics Total (N = 12,248) PCDF (N = 6124) ACDF (N = 6124) P Age, y 1.0 ≤64 4650 (38.0) 2351 (38.4) 2299 (37.5) 65–69 2826 (23.1) 1424 (23.3) 1402 (22.9) 70–74 2552 (20.8) 1294 (21.1) 1258 (20.5) 75–79 1628 (13.3) 829 (13.5) 799 (13.0) 80–84 744 (6.1) 378 (6.2) 366 (6.0) ≥85 187 (1.5) 94 (1.5) 93 (1.5) Sex 1.0 Men, 6962 (56.8) 3481 (56.8) 3481(56.8) Women 5466 (44.6) 2733 (44.6) 2733 (44.6) Race 1.0 White 8500 (69.4) 4250 (69.4) 4250 (69.4) Black 1508 (12.3) 754 (12.3) 754 (12.3) Hispanic 62 (0.5) 31 (0.5) 31 (0.5) Other 68 (0.6) 34 (0.6) 34 (0.6) Unknown 2266 (18.5) 1133 (18.5) 1133 (18.5) Comorbidities Smoking status 2805 (22.9) 1458 (23.8) 1347 (22.0) 0.02 Depression 4217 (34.4) 2085 (34.0) 2132 (34.8) 0.37 Anxiety 3665 (29.9) 1837 (30.0) 1828 (29.9) 0.86 Chronic kidney disease 3280 (26.8) 1694 (27.7) 1586 (25.9) 0.03 Chronic lung disease 1403 (11.5) 679 (11.1) 724 (11.8) 0.20 Congestive heart failure 1785 (14.6) 960 (15.7) 825 (13.5) <0.01 Coagulopathy 929 (7.6) 502 (8.2) 427 (7.0) 0.01 Diabetes mellitus 4906 (40.1) 2374 (38.8) 2532 (41.3) <0.01 Alcohol abuse 684 (5.6) 395 (6.5) 289 (4.7) <0.01 Hypertension 9846 (80.4) 4900 (80.0) 4946 (80.8) 0.30 Obesity 3226 (26.3) 1546 (25.2) 1680 (27.4) 0.01 Hyperlipidemia 8909 (72.7) 4342 (70.9) 4567 (74.6) <0.01 Hospital region Midwest 2815 (23.0) 1572 (25.7) 1243 (20.3) <0.01 Northeast 241 (2.0) 141 (2.3) 100 (1.6) <0.01 South 8208 (67.0) 3870 (63.2) 4332 (70.7) <0.01 West 1175 (9.6) 636 (10.4) 539 (8.8) <0.01 Data presented as n (%).
ACDF, anterior discectomy and fusion; PCDF, posterior decompression and fusion.
PCDF (N = 6124) ACDF (N = 6124) OR (95% CI) P Inpatient complications Coma, n (%) 34 (0.6) 27 (0.4) 1.26 (0.75–1.77) 0.37 Death 0 (0) 0 (0) NA 1.00 Hematoma formation 94 (1.5) 84 (1.4) 1.12 (0.83–1.51) 0.45 Dysphagia 100 (1.6) 163 (2.7) 0.61 (0.36–0.86) 0.0001 UTI 701 (11.4) 304 (5.0) 2.47 (2.34–2.61) <0.0001 DVT 261 (4.3) 140 (2.3) 1.90 (1.69–2.11) <0.0001 PE 113 (1.8) 65 (1.1) 1.75 (1.45–2.06) 0.0003 30-Day complications Stroke 255 (4.2) 154 (2.5) 1.68 (1.48–1.89) <0.0001 Wound dehiscence 164 (2.7) 30 (0.5) 5.59 (5.20–5.98) <0.0001 Surgical site infection 289 (4.7) 63 (1.0) 4.76 (4.49–5.04) <0.0001 Wound revision surgery 72 (1.2) 24 (0.4) 3.02 (2.56–3.49) <0.0001 All-cause readmission 1253 (20.5) 694 (11.3) 2.01 (1.91–2.11) <0.0001 1-Year outcomes Pseudarthrosis 288 (4.7) 122 (2.0) 2.43 (1.96–3.01) <0.0001 Revision or extension of index surgery 485 (7.9) 218 (3.6) 2.33 (2.17–2.49) <0.0001 Additional anterior or posterior fusion 265 (4.3)a 429 (7.0)b 0.60 (0.44–0.76) <0.0001 Data presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
aAdditional ACDF surgery.
bAdditional PCDF surgery.
ACDF, anterior discectomy and fusion; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; NA, not applicable.; PCDF, posterior decompression and fusion; PE, pulmonary embolism; UTI, urinary tract infection.
PCDF (N = 6124) ACDF (N = 6124) OR (95% CI) P Frequency of narcotic use 30-day narcotic use, n (%) 4208 (68.7) 4338 (70.8) 0.90 (0.83–0.98) 0.01 60-day narcotic use, n (%) 3990 (65.2) 4185 (68.3) 0.79 (0.79–0.94) 0.0002 90-day narcotic use, n (%) 3818 (62.3) 4055 (66.2) 0.84 (0.77–0.92) <0.0001 120-day narcotic use, n (%) 3674 (60.0) 3943 (64.4) 0.83 (0.76–0.90) <0.0001 Level of narcotic use 30-day mean MME, mg 1584.25 1384.64 1.19 (1.11–1.28) <0.0001 60-day mean MME, mg 1601.76 1395.59 1.20 (1.12–1.28) <0.0001 90-day mean MME, mg 1614.86 1402.07 1.21 (1.12–1.29) <0.0001 120-day mean MME, mg 1624.52 1408.09 1.21 (1.13–1.29) <0.0001 Data presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
ACDF, anterior discectomy and fusion; CSM, cervical spondylotic myelopathy; MME, morphine milligram equivalent; PCDF, posterior decompression and fusion.
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