Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure
Flowchart for inclusion of patients in the study.
Tables
Characteristic Regular Exercise
(n = 3031)No Regular Exercise
(n = 8925)P Value Female sex, % (n) 52 (1587) 56 (4950) 0.002 Current smoking, % (n) 9 (255) 13 (1171) <0.001 Previous back surgery, % (n) 16 (492) 20 (1754) <0.001 Workload, % (n) <0.001 Not employed 55 (1554) 72 (5836) Easy work 18 (501) 11 (887) Medium work 19 (530) 11 (845) Strenous work 8 (219) 6 (514) Age, y, mean (SD) 65 (10) 69 (10) <0.001 BMI, mean (SD) 27 (4) 28 (4) <0.001 ODI, mean (SD) 39 (15) 45 (15) <0.001 Back pain, VAS, mean (SD) 51 (27) 57 (26) <0.001 Leg pain, VAS, mean (SD) 60 (25) 63 (25) <0.001 Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
Note: Categorical variables are presented as % (n) and continuous variables as mean (SD). Differences in characteristics were compared using the no exercise group as reference. Base line values of BMI, function ODI and pain on the VAS.
- Table 2
Improvements in ODI and back and leg pain in VAS scores between inclusion and the 1-year follow-up.
Outcome Measure Regular Exercise No Regular Exercise P Value ODI 19.2 (18.5–19.8) n = 2511 15.9 (15.5–16.3) n = 6892 <0.001 Back pain (VAS) 25.2 (24.2–26.3) n = 2476 21.8 (21.2–22.5) n = 6844 <0.001 Leg pain (VAS) 32.5 (31.3–33.6) n = 2484 28.8 (28.1–29.5) n = 6826 <0.001 Abbreviations: ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
Note: Data presented as mean (95% CI). The n is the number included in the complete case analysis for each outcome. Results are from the adjusted analysis of covariance models. The results are adjusted for age, gender, smoking, body mass index, earlier back surgery, workload, and the baseline value of the variable studied.
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