Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) is the superimposition of a virtual environment on the real world. The use of AR in spine surgery continues to grow, with multiple companies and products becoming available. The proposed benefits of AR include decreased attention shift, decreased line-of-site interruption, opportunity for more minimally invasive approaches, decreased radiation exposure to the operative team, and improved pedicle screw accuracy. In this review, we examine our institutional experiences with utilization and implementation of some of the current AR products.
Footnotes
Funding The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Declaration of Conflicting Interests Frank Phillips has stock options from a company involved in the manufacturing of a device examined in this study.
Disclosures Frank Phillips reports royalties from Nuvasive, SI Bone, and Medtronic; consulting for Nuvasive, SI Bone, Medtronic, Globus, and Stryker; and board of directors/advisory boards (stock/stock options) for Nuvasive, SI Bone, Theracell, Augmedics, Surgio, Spinal Simplicity, and Edge Surgical. Krzysztof Siemionow reports royalties from Spinal Elements and stock/stock options from Providence Medical and Surgalign. The remaining authors have no disclosures.
- This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2022 ISASS. To see more or order reprints or permissions, see http://ijssurgery.com.