Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Measurement setup. Measurements were taken using a pressure mat (BodiTrak2, 16 × 16 = 256 sensors) placed on the participants own seat cushion in their own wheelchair. Using the standard supplied FSA.1 software package, the following parameters were measured: maximum pressure (mm Hg), mean pressure (mm Hg), measurement area (cm2) as well as the coordinates of the center of pressure (cm).
- Figure 2
Examples of a seat measurement. Examples of a seat measurement at minute 0, at minute 30, and at minute 90 for 5 active spinal cord injury participants.
Tables
Characteristics Distribution Mean ± SD Weight, kg 35–115 kg 75.4 ± 9.1 Height, cm 140–190 174.5 ± 10.9 Age, y 18–80 47.5 ± 16.8 Se Male 28 NA Female 6 NA American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A 14 NA B 3 NA C 10 NA D 7 NA Wheelchair behavior Active 28 NA Not active 6 NA Cushion type KUBIVENT DualPlus 12 NA KUBIVENT TheraCubus 10 NA ROHO Dry Floatation 5 NA StimuLITE 3 NA Other 4 NA Note: Active behavior in the wheelchair means that the participant was able to reposition him/herself as needed and desired.
Measurement 0/30/90 min 0/30 min 30/90 min Every 5 min Over 90 min ICC of the pressure mean values All participants 0.53 0.43 0.85 NA Active participants 0.61 0.38 0.87 NA Inactive participants 0.78 0.69 0.85 NA Weight measurements (all cushions) 0.92 0.90 0.96 0.99 ICC of the pressure-loaded measuring surface All participants 0.97 0.95 0.98 NA Active participants 0.98 0.95 0.99 NA Inactive participants 0.52 0.65 0.92 NA Weight measurements (all cushions) 0.75 0.57 0.97 0.99 ICC of the vertical center of pressure position All participants 0.97 0.96 0.96 NA Active participants 0.97 0.96 0.97 NA Inactive participants 0.99 0.98 0.99 NA Weight measurements (all cushions) 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.99 ICC of the horizontal center of pressure position All participants 0.99 0.98 0.91 NA Active participants 0.99 0.99 0.91 NA Inactive participants 0.86 0.74 0.98 NA Weight measurements (all cushions) 0.96 0.94 0.98 0.99 Abbreviations: ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; NA, not applicable.
Note: In general, an ICC above 0.75 is an indicator of excellent reliability, while an ICC below 0.75 indicates good to poor reliability.19 ICCs of maximum pressure cannot be calculated due to missing variance after 90 minutes (Table 3).
Measurement Minute 0 Minute 30 Minute 90 Maximum pressure (mm Hg) All participants 192.9 ± 16.4 199.7 ± 2.0 200.0 ± 0.0 Active participants 194.4 ± 16.1 199.6 ± 2.2 200.0 ± 0.0 Inactive participants 181.8 ± 15.0 200.0 ± 0.0 200.0 ± 0.0 Weight measurements (all cushions) 143.6 ± 32.3 174.2 ± 35.9a 178.2 ± 35.0a Pressure mean value (mm Hg) All participants 73.5 ± 17.7 98.6 ± 20.8a 100.9 ± 19.6a Active participants 74.5 ± 18.4 99.3 ± 20.9a 100.9 ± 20.2a Inactive participants 61.9 ± 10.7 90.31 ± 19.9 99.7 ± 17.6a Weight measurements (all cushions) 59.5 ± 17.8 71.3 ± 20.9a 77.4 ± 21.4a Pressure-loaded measuring surface (cm2) All participants 1198.8 ± 272.5 1295.3 ± 281.7a 1294.9 ± 288.4a Active participants 1218.9 ± 278.1 1292.5 ± 285.8a 1280.6 ± 296.1a Inactive participants 957.0 ± 95.5 1268.3 ± 237.1a 1307.4 ± 256.1a Weight measurements (all cushions) 150.2 ± 26.6 189.5 ± 36.1a 201.0 ± 39.2a ,b Vertical center of pressure position (cm) All participants 28.4 ± 4.7 29.0 ± 4.4 28.6 ± 4.9 Active participants 28.2 ± 5.0 28.7 ± 4.5 28.2 ± 5.3 Inactive participants 28.1 ± 2.2 29.8 ± 2.6 29.4 ± 2.6 Weight measurements (all cushions) 24.2 ± 1.3 24.5 ± 1.5 24.6 ± 1.6 Horizontal center of pressure position (cm) All participants 23.0 ± 3.1 22.2 ± 2.8 22.5 ± 2.8 Active participants 22.9 ± 3.3 22.4 ± 3.0 22.7 ± 3.1 Inactive participants 23.6 ± 2.0 21.6 ± 1.6 21.8 ± 1.3 Weight measurements (all cushions) 22.1 ± 0.6 22.2 ± 0.6 22.1 ± 0.6
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