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Research ArticleSpecial Issue

Potential Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Spine Surgery Across the Continuum of Care

Samuel R. Browd, Christine Park and Daniel A. Donoho
International Journal of Spine Surgery June 2023, 17 (S1) S26-S33; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14444/8507
Samuel R. Browd
1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
MD, PhD
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  • For correspondence: Samuel.browd@seattlechildrens.org
Christine Park
2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
MD
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Daniel A. Donoho
3 Division of Neurological Surgery, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
MD
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    Hierarchy of machine learning.

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    Applications of AI/ML for medical imaging.

    AreaModalitiesClassificationDetectionDiagnosisExtractionGradingIdentificationPredictionSegmentationAI/ML Families
    BrainMRI, fMRI, PET, and DTIXXXDBN, SBM, CNN, and FCN
    RetinalFundusXXDNN, FCN, cGAN, and SSD
    ChestX-ray, CT, and MRIXXXCNN, RCNN, U-NET, and DCNN
    Digital pathologyH&E WSIXXXXU-NET, TCGA, and GRAG
    BreastMammogram, MRI, US, and DBTXXCNN, cGAN, and U-NET
    CardiacMRIXCNN, DNN, U-NET, and cGAN
    AbdominalCT, MRI, and endoscopicXXU-NET, CNN, and DNN
    DermatologyDermascope and photographXXXSLSNet and CNN
    • Abbreviations: AI, artificial intelligence; cGAN, conditional generative adversarial network; CNN, convolutional neural networks; CT, computed tomography; DBN, deep belief networks; DBT, deep breast tomosynthesis; DCNN, deep CNN; DNN, deep neural network; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; FCN, fully CNN; fMRI, functional MRI; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; ML, machine learning; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron electron microscopy; RCNN, region-based CNN; SSD, single-shot multibox detector; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; US, ultrasonography; WSI, whole slide image.

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International Journal of Spine Surgery: 17 (S1)
International Journal of Spine Surgery
Vol. 17, Issue S1
1 Jun 2023
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Potential Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Spine Surgery Across the Continuum of Care
Samuel R. Browd, Christine Park, Daniel A. Donoho
International Journal of Spine Surgery Jun 2023, 17 (S1) S26-S33; DOI: 10.14444/8507

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Potential Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Spine Surgery Across the Continuum of Care
Samuel R. Browd, Christine Park, Daniel A. Donoho
International Journal of Spine Surgery Jun 2023, 17 (S1) S26-S33; DOI: 10.14444/8507
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    • Understanding AI/ML Concepts
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More in this TOC Section

  • Letter to the Editor: Rasch Analysis and High Value Spinal Endoscopy—Another Perspective
  • Real-World Implementation of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning for Managing Surgical Spine Patients at 2 Academic Health Care Systems
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Keywords

  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • machine learning (ML)
  • natural language processing
  • convolutional neural networks
  • computer vision
  • generative adversarial networks
  • electronic medical record

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