Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Sagittal and coronal views of 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the preoperative condition (blue) and 3D model of planned correction (beige).
- Figure 2
Sagittal and coronal L4 to L5 intervertebral angles (A and B); L1 to S1 lordosis and L4 to S1 angles (C) .
- Figure 3
A personalized implant in a model illustrating coronal correction and added lordosis, along with added anterior/posterior height and contact surfaces designed to match the inferior and superior endplate shape.
- Figure 4
Illustration of coronal computed tomography slices for representative anterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion personalized interbody cage implants.
- Figure 5
Ratio of available implant surface area in intimate contact with endplate (as a percentage). *P < 0.05.
- Figure 6
Two-level implantation showing moderate subsidence of stock cage into superior endplate at L4 to L5. The solid yellow arrow indicates the level treated with a stock implant. The dashed yellow arrow indicates the level treated with a personalized interbody cage.
Tables
Fusion Grade Description I Fused with remodeling and trabeculae present II Graft intact, not fully remodeled and incorporated, but no lucency present III Graft intact, potential lucency present at top and bottom of graft IV Fusion absent, with collapse/resorption of graft Characteristic Value Patient N = 15 Age, y, mean (SD) 68.2 (7.1) Follow-up, mo, mean (range) 12.2 (9–14) No. of levels instrumented, mean (SD) 10.4 (3.0) Interbody implants N = 26 Interbody implants per patient, mean (SD) 1.6 (0.6) Level, n (%) L3–L4 (%) 2 (7.7%) L4–L5 (%) 10 (38.4%) L5–S1 (%) 14 (53.8%) Procedure, No. of levels (%) ALIF PIC 20 (76.9%) ALIF stock 2 (7.7%) TLIF PIC 4 (15.4%) Abbreviations: ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; PIC, personalized interbody cage; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.
Subsidence Grade Degree of Subsidence PIC ALIF
(n = 20)PIC TLIF
(n = 4)Stock ALIF
(n = 2)Grade 0 0%–24% 20 (100%) 3 (75%) 0 Grade I 25%–49% 0 1 (25%) 1 (50%) Grade II 50%–74% 0 0 1 (50%) Grade III >75% 0 0 0 Abbreviations: ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; PIC, personalized interbody cage; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.
Alignment Parameter Offset Between Goal and Achieved, Mean (SD) Intervertebral lordosis (PIC only) 1.3° (3.8°) Intervertebral coronal angle (PIC only) 0.7° (1.5°) Posterior disc height (PIC only) −2.1 mm (2.0 mm) L1–S1 lordosis (all patients) 3.1° (10°) L4–S1 angle (all patients) −0.9° (5.8°) Abbreviation: PIC, personalized interbody cage.
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