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Research ArticleArticles

Advanced Multi-Axis Spine Testing: Clinical Relevance and Research Recommendations

Timothy P. Holsgrove, Nikhil R. Nayak, William C. Welch and Beth A. Winkelstein
International Journal of Spine Surgery January 2015, 9 34; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14444/2034
Timothy P. Holsgrove
1Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
PhD
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Nikhil R. Nayak
2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
MD
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William C. Welch
2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
MD
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Beth A. Winkelstein
1Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
PhD
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Article Information

vol. 9 34
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.14444/2034

Published By 
International Journal of Spine Surgery
Online ISSN 
2211-4599
History 
  • Published online January 1, 2015.

Copyright & Usage 
Copyright © 2015 ISASS - This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery

Author Information

  1. Timothy P. Holsgrove, PhD1,
  2. Nikhil R. Nayak, MD2,
  3. William C. Welch, MD2 and
  4. Beth A. Winkelstein, PhD1
  1. 1Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
  2. 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
  1. Corresponding Author
    Beth Winkelstein, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Room 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: winkelst{at}seas.upenn.edu
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International Journal of Spine Surgery
Vol. 9
1 Jan 2015
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Advanced Multi-Axis Spine Testing: Clinical Relevance and Research Recommendations
Timothy P. Holsgrove, Nikhil R. Nayak, William C. Welch, Beth A. Winkelstein
International Journal of Spine Surgery Jan 2015, 9 34; DOI: 10.14444/2034

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Advanced Multi-Axis Spine Testing: Clinical Relevance and Research Recommendations
Timothy P. Holsgrove, Nikhil R. Nayak, William C. Welch, Beth A. Winkelstein
International Journal of Spine Surgery Jan 2015, 9 34; DOI: 10.14444/2034
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Anatomy & Kinematics
    • Degeneration in the Clinical Scenario
    • Multi-Axis Biomechanical Testing
    • Case Studies
    • Recommendations & Conclusions
    • Disclosures
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
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Keywords

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  • Biomechanics
  • multi-axis
  • spine surgery

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