Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Experimental setup: (A) coronal/front view with sacral axis fixed and (B) coronal/front view with acetabular axis fixed. The dots represent the digitized points taken for the Optotrak: 3 green dots for the skull, 7 yellow dots for the cervical spine vertebral body (VB), 4 pink dots for the thoracic spine VB, 5 blue dots for the lumbar spine VB, and 5 red dots for the sacrum and pelvis (only 3 seen in the frontal plane). APT, anterior pelvic tilt; PPT, posterior pelvic tilt.
- Figure 2
Simulated open- vs closed-chain movement. In open-chain movements (left image), the sacral axis is fixed, and the pelvis rotates using the acetabular axis. In closed-chain movements (right image), the acetabular axis is fixed, and the pelvis rotates using the sacral axis. APT, anterior pelvic tilt; PPT, posterior pelvic tilt.
- Figure 3
Visualization of how pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were determined. The red dots represent the digitized Optotrak points used to calculate these values.
- Figure 4
Cervical (graph A) and lumbar (graph B) intervertebral displacement in an open-chain and closed-chain pelvic tilt. Asterisk indicates significant differences between open- and closed-chain posterior pelvic tilt (PPT) at a specific spinal level. (A) Intervertebral decompression during closed-chain PPT was significantly greater than open-chain PPT at the cervical spine levels C2/C3 (4.85 vs 1.20 mm) and C3/C4 (3.48 vs 1.39 mm) (P < 0.05). (B) Intervertebral compression during closed-chain PPT was significantly greater than open-chain PPT at L1/L2 (−2.54 vs −0.69 mm), L2/L3 (−6.99 vs −0.43 mm), L3/L4 (−2.78 vs −1.17 mm), and L4/L5 (−6.10 vs −0.40 mm) (P < 0.05 for all).
- Figure 5
Lumbar intervertebral displacement in open- and closed-chain anterior pelvic tilt (APT). Since there were no significant differences between open and closed chains, asterisks indicate significant differences between spinal levels within either open or closed chains. In closed-chain APT, significant differences in relative intervertebral decompression displacement were noted between spinal levels L1/L2 (2.87 mm) and L5/S1 (24.48 mm) and between L3/L4 (2.94 mm) and L5/S1 (24.48 mm) (P < 0.05 for both). In open-chain APT, significant differences in relative intervertebral decompression displacement existed between spinal levels L4/L5 (1.53 mm) and L5/S1 (25.14 mm) and between L2/L3 (1.68 mm) and L5/S1 (25.14 mm) (P < 0.05 for both).
- Figure 6
Bar graphs for pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic incidence (PI) for 3 spines. (A) (a–d) represent graphs for spine 1, (B) (a–d) represent graphs for spine 2, and (C) (a–d) represent spine 3. The graphs are represented for anterior pelvic tilt (APT) about acetabular (Acet) and sacral (Sac) axes and posterior pelvic tilt (PPT) about Acetr and Sac axes. These bar graph values represent the concept PT + SS = PI.
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.