Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Images from a pediatric case of a ventral epidural thoracic Ewing-like tumor. Panels A and B show sagittal and axial T1 postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine with evidence of tumor recurrence in the ventral epidural region. Panels C to F show intraoperative fluoroscopic images. Panel G is an image from the operating room setup. Panels H and I are intraoperative images of the tumor debulking. Source: Figure reprinted with permission from Telfeian AE, Choi DB, Aghion DM. Transforaminal endoscopic surgery under local analgesia for ventral epidural thoracic spinal tumor: case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;134:1–3. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.03.022.
- Figure 2
Images from the case of a 75-year-old patient with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. Panels A and B show a magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating a metastatic focus at the left L5-S1 foramen compressing the exiting left L5 nerve. Panels C and D show intraoperative fluoroscopic imaging localizing this region. Source: Figure reprinted with permission fromTelfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Doberstein C, Gokaslan ZL. Endoscopic surgical treatment for symptomatic spinal metastases in long-term cancer survivors. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(2):372-382. doi:10.21037/jss.2019.10.14.
- Figure 3
Images from the case of a 76-year-old patient with metastatic prostate cancer status after radiation. Panels A to C demonstrate a magnetic resonance imaging showing a fracture fragment from the L5 superior endplate compressing the traversing L5 nerve root. Panels D to F show intraoperative fluoroscopic localization, and panel G shows intraoperative tumor debulking. Panel H demonstrates the decompressed traversing L5 nerve root. Source: Figure reprinted with permission from Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Doberstein C, Gokaslan ZL. Endoscopic surgical treatment for symptomatic spinal metastases in long-term cancer survivors. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(2):372-382. doi:10.21037/jss.2019.10.14.
- Figure 4
Images from the case of an 86-year-old patient with metastatic prostate cancer. Panel A shows severe left L3-L4 stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging (site marked with arrow), and panels B and C demonstrate intraoperative fluoroscopy localizing to the correct level prior to debulking. Source: Figure reprinted with permission from Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Doberstein C, Gokaslan ZL. Endoscopic surgical treatment for symptomatic spinal metastases in long-term cancer survivors. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(2):372-382. doi:10.21037/jss.2019.10.14.
Tables
Intervention Authors Patients (n) Additional Information Biopsy Konakondla et al (2020)15 1 Large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma Konakondla et al (2021)14 1 Pediatric; paraganglioma Adjunct during open surgery McLain (2001)14 9 Thoracic pathology Debulking Telfeian et al (2015)15 and Telfeian et al (2020)17 4 Resolved radicular pain Tsai et al (2018)19 1 Sacral metastasis Gao et al (2019)20 1 Bilateral decompression Definitive resection Senturk et al (2019)16 1 Meningioma Newman et al (2020)18 1 Osteoblastoma
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