Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Trend in patient-reported outcomes across different perioperative time points for (A) Oswestry Disability Index score, (B) visual analog scale (VAS) back pain score, and (C) VAS leg pain score. Figures represent box plots with median and interquartile range highlighted. Star (*) indicates statistically significant difference between inpatient and outpatient scores at a particular time point after adjusting for multiple testing (P < 0.01). Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test performed at all time points after confirming non-normal distribution.
- Figure 2
Absolute difference in patient-reported outcomes between preoperative and most recent follow-up for (A) Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, (B) visual analog scale (VAS) back pain score, and (C) VAS leg pain score. No differences between change in inpatient and outpatient scores after adjusting for multiple testing were significant (P < 0.017). Bars represent 95% CIs.
Tables
- Table 1
Demographic characteristics of patients undergoing biportal endoscopic lumbar surgery.
Variable Outpatient Inpatient Total P Valuea (n = 58) (n = 26) (N = 84) Female, n (%) 14 (24%) 11 (42%) 25 (30%) 0.15 Age, y Mean (SD) 53.9 (15.5) 73.6 (8.2) 60.0 (16.4) <0.0001 Median (range) 57.5 (24–81) 71.5 (57–89) 65 (24–89) Body mass index, kg/m2 Mean (SD) 27.6 (5.0) 27.7 (3.6) 27.6 (4.6) 0.92 Median (range) 26.7 (19.8–38.5) 27.4 (22.0–36.9) 27 (19.8–38.5) ASA classification >2 n (%) 13 (22%) 19 (73%) 2.3 (0.6) <0.0001 Median (range) 2 (1–3) 3 (2–3) 2 (1–3) Charlson Comorbidity Index Mean (SD) 1.5 (1.5) 3.9 (1.7) 2.2 (1.9) <0.0001 Median (range) 1.5 (0–6) 3.5 (1–8) 2 (0–8) Surgery duration, min Mean (SD) 116 (42) 146 (51) 125 (47) 0.012 Median (range) 105 (63–253) 135 (66–227) 108 (63–253) Estimated blood loss,median (range) (IQR) 0 (0–35) (0–0) 0 (0–30) (0–8) 0 (0–35) (0–0) 0.21 Total drain output, mL, median (range) (IQR) 30 (0–235) (14–51) 80 (30–505) (50–134) 35 (0–505) (25–80) <0.0001 Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; IQR, interquartile range.
↵a Adjusted threshold for statistical significance P < 0.0063.
Variable Outpatient Inpatient Total P Valuea n = 58 n = 26 N = 84 Number of levels 1 Level 51 (88%) 16 (62%) 67 (80%) 0.013 2 Levels 7 (12%) 10 (38%) 17 (20%) Levels addressedb L1–2 1 (2%) 1 (3%) 2 (2%) 0.170 L2–3 6 (9%) 2 (6%) 8 (8%) L3–4 9 (14%) 11 (31%) 20 (20%) L4–5 32 (49%) 18 (50%) 50 (50%) L5–S1 17 (26%) 4 (11%) 21 (21%) Primary diagnosis Stenosis 26 (45%) 24 (92%) 50 (60%) 0.0001 Disc herniation 32 (55%) 2 (8%) 34 (40%) Primary procedure Discectomy 32 (55%) 2 (8%) 34 (40%) 0.0001 Laminotomy/decompression 26 (45%) 24 (92%) 50 (60%) Complication Outpatient Inpatient Total P Value (n = 58) (n = 26) (N = 84) Postoperative radiculitis 10 (17%) 5 (19%) 15 (17.9%) >0.99 Postoperative weakness 1 (1.7%) 1 (3.8%) 2 (2.4%) >0.99 Wound drainage 1 (1.7%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.2%) >0.99 Reherniation 1 (1.7%) 1 (3.8%) 2 (2.4%) >0.99 - Table 4
Patient-reported outcomes before and after surgery for patients undergoing biportal endoscopic surgery, median values (range).
Measure Outpatient Inpatient Total P Valuea (n = 58) (n = 26) (N = 84) Preoperative ODI 18.5 (9–36) 23 (5–41) 20 (5–41) 0.021 VAS back 5 (0–10) 5 (0–8) 5 (0–10) 0.99 VAS leg 7 (0–10) 7 (0–10) 7 (0–10) 0.42 Postoperative ODI 2 (0–28) 6 (0–25.5) 4 (0–28) 0.044 VAS back 0 (0–8) 2 (0–8) 0 (0–8) 0.020 VAS leg 0 (0–8) 0 (0–10) 0 (0–10) 0.42 Change ODI 14.5 (−14–36) 16.0 (−3.5–35) 15 (−14–36) 0.88 VAS back 4 (−4–10) 3 (−2–8) 4 (−4–10) 0.046 VAS leg 6 (0–9) 6 (−3–9) 6 (−3–9) 0.41 Abbreviations: ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
↵a Adjusted threshold for statistical significance P < 0.0167
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