Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Guide-needle insertion through the neural foramen onto the T11–T12 disc, confirmed with fluoroscopy.
- Figure 2
A 6-mm neuromonitoring dilator, use adapted from the NuVasive NVM5 nerve monitoring system.
- Figure 3
Passing the neuromonitoring dilator over the guidewire into the foramen.
- Figure 4
Rotating the electrode tip cranially and medially to obtain readings corresponding to neural tissue proximity.
- Figure 5
Insertion of transforaminal endoscopic instruments via the “safe tract.”
- Figure 6
Images showing a T11/T12 partially calcified disc causing spinal canal stenosis. Top row: Magnetic resonance imaging axial cuts. Middle row: Corresponding computed tomography (CT) axial cuts. Bottom row: CT sagittal cuts (left).
- Figure 7
Endoscopic views pre- and postdecompression. Top: Predecompression endoscopic views of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and of the calcified disc encroaching on the neural structures. Bottom: Postdecompression endoscopic views, with the Penfield dissector freely approaching midline.
Tables
Design Feature Intraoperative Applicability Cannulated design Easily passes over the guide wire. 6-mm diameter Snug fit with the endoscopic cannula, which is introduced without pinching tissue. Carbon material isolating the electrode tip (white triangle) “Real-time directionality”; receives signals only where electrode points. Carbon is brittle and needs to be swapped out for a metal dilator if malleting is required.
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