Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1
Anteroposterior (right) and lateral (left) intraoperative fluoroscopic images of the guidewire placed at the level where the disc herniation is present.
- Fig. 2
Intraoperative endoscopic visualization of the annular opening of the working channel.With the rongeur it is possible to remove the herniated disc material.
- Fig. 3
Preoperatively, at six months and one year postoperatively SF-36 scores, related to gender. PF: physical function, RP: role physical, BP: bodily pain, GH: general health, V: vitality, SF: social function, RE: roleemotional, MH: mental health.
- Fig. 4
SF-36 scores in total sample, preoperatively, at six months and one year postoperatively. PF: physical function, RP: role physical, BP: bodily pain, GH: general health, V: vitality, SF: social function, RE: roleemotional, MH: mental health.
- Fig. 5
Change in SF-36 scores at six months and one year compared to before surgery, related to gender. PF: physical function, RP: role physical, BP: bodily pain, GH: general health, V: vitality, SF: social function, RE: roleemotional, MH: mental health.
Tables
Count Age L3-L4 L4-L5 L5-S1 N % Mean SD N % N % N % Total 76 100 56.47 12.066 21 27.6 40 52.6 15 19.7 Male 38 50 56.53 12.63 11 28.9 20 52.6 7 18.4 Female 38 50 56.42 11.64 10 26.3 20 52.6 8 21.1 t test p=0.970 chi square p=0.944 PF preop RP preop BP preop GH preop Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Total 47.38 7.207 21.96 5.672 31.43 5.36 64.5 4.743 Male 47.68 8.441 22 6.164 31.34 5.45 64.37 4.978 Female 47.08 5.819 21.92 5.216 31.53 5.34 64.63 4.558 t test p=0.717 U Mann Whitney p=0.963 t test p=0.882 U Mann Whitney p=0.988 V preop SF preop RE preop MH preop Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Total 46.3 5.143 50.71 6.659 50.87 7.08 70.83 7.641 Male 46.39 4.659 50.76 6.284 50.89 6.88 70.79 7.868 Female 46.21 5.648 50.66 7.099 50.84 7.37 70.87 7.513 t test p=0.877 t test p=0,946 t test p=0.974 t test p=0.989 - Table 3
Comparison of change of mean values for all chronological phases (two phases each time) for men and women.
(mean +-sd) Preop to 6 weeks Preop to 3 Months Preop to 6 Months Preop to 12 Months Six Weeks to 3 Months PF male 16.9+-5.6 22.9+-5.8 32.6+-6.9 35.2+-5.9 6.0+-3.1 female 17.1+-4.4 25.8+-5.2 33.3+-5.3 35.9+-5.1 8.7+-3.0 t test t test Mann-Whitney t test Mann-Whitney p=0.87 p=0.023 p=0.52 p=0.58 p<0.001 RP male 35.29+-5.0 43.61+-5.84 48.45+-5.75 53.0+-6.33 8.32+-3.30 female 35.63+-3.3 44.0+-3.79 48.66+-3.66 53.11+-3.95 8.37+-2.48 t test Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney 0.726 0.508 0.967 0.975 0.998 BP male 16.03+-4.42 21.55+-4.91 31.18+-5.52 46.32+-5.71 5.53+-2.03 female 16.0+-3.43 21.16+-4.23 30.71+-5.65 46.16+-5.69 5.16+-1.63 Mann-Whitney t test t test t test Mann-Whitney 0.715 0.708 0.713 0.904 0.467 GH male 0.95+-1.66 2.42+-1.57 4.08+-2.37 4.74+-2.48 1.47+-2.53 female 1.00+-1.72 1.89+-2.09 3.55+-3.06 4.53+-2.65 0.89+-2.71 Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney 0.857 0.234 0.725 0.962 0.411 V male 11.92+-3.42 17.0+-4.55 30.0+-5.88 33.34+-6.02 5.08+-2.39 female 12.05+-2.56 17.0+-3.65 30.05+-5.20 33.42+-5.60 4.95+-2.82 Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney t test t test Mann-Whitney 0.549 0.782 0.967 0.953 0.745 SF male 13.26+-4.13 15.32+-4.28 29.24+-6.22 33.32+-6.46 2.05+-1.97 female 13.26+-3.68 15.34+-3.92 29.32+-5.08 33.34+-6.37 2.08+-1.68 Mann-Whitney t test t test t test t test 0.917 0.978 0.958 0.986 0.95 RE male 17.16+-4.99 25.68+-6.41 36.24+-7.06 39.21+-6.59 8.53+-3.74 female 17.18+-5.52 25.66+-5.23 36.26+-5.44 39.26+-5.19 8.47+-3.93 Mann-Whitney t test t test t test t test 0.843 0.984 0.986 0.969 0.953 MH male 1.74+-1.62 4.53+-2.14 7.21+-2.91 9.26+-3.38 2.79+-1.37 female 1.79+-2.00 4.42+-2.52 7.16+-3.15 9.21+-3.86 2.63+-1.42 t test t test t test t test Mann-Whitney 0.901 0.845 0.941 0.951 0.673 (mean +-sd) Preop to 6 weeks Preop to 3 Months Preop to 6 Months Preop to 12 Months Six Weeks to 3 Months PF male 15.7+-4.5 18.3+-3.5 9.7+-4.3 12.3+-3.5 2.6+-3.1 female 16.2+-3.0 18.8+-3.2 7.5+-3.0 10.1+-3.5 2.6+-1.8 Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney t test Mann-Whitney p=0.40 p=0.51 p=0.025 p=0.007 p=0.91 RP male 3.16+-3.69 17.71+-5.04 4.84+-1.89 9.39+-4.78 4.55+-4.43 female 13.03+-2.60 17.47+-3.47 4.66+-1.53 9.25+-3.81 4.45+- 2.06 t test t test Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney 0.858 0.237 0.646 0.271 0.356 BP male 15.16+-3.65 30.29+-4.75 9.63+-2.84 24.76+-4.80 15.13+-53.78 female 14.71+-3.54 30.16+-4.51 9.55+-2.95 25.0+-4.34 15.45+-4.26 Mann-Whitney t test Mann-Whitney t test Mann-Whitney 0.696 0.902 0.901 0.822 0.65 GH male 3.13+-2.98 3.79+-3.12 1.66+-1.83 2.32+-1.87 0.66+-1.80 female 2.55+-3.32 3.53+-3.00 1.66+-1.91 2.32+-1.87 0.97+-1.93 Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney 0.601 0.802 0.891 0.496 0.425 V male 18.08+-4.89 21.42+-5.0 13.0+-4.04 16.34+-4.28 3.34+-1.53 female 18.0+-4.73 21.37+-5.22 13.05+-3.91 16.42+-4.37 3.37+-1.87 t test t test Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney 0.943 0.964 0.738 0.937 0.811 SF male 15.97+-5.89 20.05+-5.86 13.92+-5.43 18.0+-5.41 4.08+-1.38 female 16.05+-4.14 20.08+-5.26 13.97+-3.56 18.0+-4.83 4.03+-2.32 Mann-Whitney t test Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney 0.988 0.984 0.933 0.954 0.603 RE male 19.08+-5.59 22.05+-5.64 10.55+-3.95 13.53+-4.09 2.97+-1.78 female 19.08+-4.18 22.08+-4.27 10.61+-2.61 13.61+-3.34 3.00+-2.02 Mann-Whitney t test Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney 0.917 0.982 0.773 0.983 0.895 MH male 5.47+-2.33 7.53+-2.78 2.68+-1.31 4.74+-2.22 2.05+-1.52 female 5.37+-2.55 7.42+-3.14 2.74+-2.39 4.79+-3.16 2.05+-1.69 Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney Mann-Whitney 0.875 0.875 0.502 0.962 0.958
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