Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Life-table method of survival analysis: degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis following selective endoscopic discectomy and foraminal decompression.
- Figure 2
Evolving trajectories to access the patho-anatomy. The YESS approach targeting the patho-anatomy in isthmic spondylolisthesis.
- Figure 3
Symptoms: sciatica > back pain.
- Figure 4
Mechanical decompression at L5-S1. Trephines inside the walls of the cannula, trephines, kerrisons, and lasers are important endoscopic tools to facilitate surgery.
- Figure 5
Trephine of the pars pseudo arthrosis impinging on the exiting nerve causing sciatica in a young person with isthmic spondylosis. Sciatica worsens with narrowing from disc degeneration and aging, demonstrating disc narrowing and spondylolisthesis.
- Figure 6
Endoscopic visualization of the decompressed pars pseudoarthrosis impinging on the exiting nerve. Back pain in tall discs with pars defects are well tolerated until aging causes symptomatic lumbar spondylosis, treatable with subsequent dorsal rhizotomy as a staged separate procedure or as a hybrid procedure.
- Figure 7
Endoscopic visualized rhizotomy. The branches of the dorsal ramus innervating the facet joints can be found in the foramen ventral to the intertransverse ligament during foraminoplasty as well as crossing the transverse process during dorsal endoscopic rhizotomy. A hybrid procedure to ablate the branches of the dorsal ramus provides the best surgical treatment for facet pain.
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