Does Type II Diabetes Induce Early Senescence and Degeneration in Human Intervertebral Discs? A Tissue Biomarker Evaluation

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Figure 1
Histopathological examination (HPE) of a control group patient with a lower degenerative score.
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Figure 2
Histopathological examination (HPE) of a diabetic patient with severe degenerative changes.
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Figure 3
×100 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for matrix metalloproteinases 1 (MMP1) showing increased cytoplasmic staining pattern in a diabetic patient.
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Figure 4
×100 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for p21 showing increased nuclear staining pattern in a nondiabetic patient.
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Figure 5
×100 Immunohistochemistry (IHC)staining for pRb showing increased nuclear staining pattern in a diabetic patient.