Does Capacitively Coupled Electric Fields Stimulation Improve Clinical Outcomes After Instrumented Spinal Fusion? A Multicentered Randomized, Prospective, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow chart for patient enrolment.

Quality of life measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Graph showing mean ODI values, reported as mean ± SE. P value refers to a comparison between groups at each follow-up visit (†P < .05).

Quality of life measured by the SF-36 Health Survey score. Graph showing mean variation compared with baseline values (A; P values are reported for differences between each follow-up versus baseline [*P < .05]) and mean SF-36 Health Survey values, reported as mean ± SE for patients who completed the clinical report form at each follow-up (B; P values refer to a comparison between groups at each follow-up visit [†P < .05]).