Research ArticleSpecial Issue

Cell and Tissue Response to Polyethylene Terephthalate Mesh Containing Bone Allograft in Vitro and in Vivo

D. Joshua Cohen, Lisa Ferrara, Marcus B. Stone, Zvi Schwartz and Barbara D. Boyan
International Journal of Spine Surgery December 2020, 14 (s3) S121-S132; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14444/7135

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    CellCrown inserts (Sigma-Aldrich) with sterile polyethylene terephthalate (PET) meshes used in all in vitro experiments.

  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    In vitro normal human osteoblasts (NHOst) response of cells cultured on tissue culture plastic (TCPS) or particulate bone graft (mineralized bone matrix [MBM]) in the presence or absence of polyethylene terephthalate mesh (PET). Response was examined by measuring markers that indicate the initiation of differentiation including (A) DNA; (B) alkaline phosphate specific activity; factors that indicate late stage osteoblast differentiation including (C) osteocalcin and (D) osteoprotegerin (OPG); and production of factors associated with osteogenesis, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2 (E) and 4 (F) and (G) vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF). P < .05 # versus no mesh, @ versus no MBM.

  • Figure 3
    Figure 3

    In vitro bone marrow stromal cell (MSC) response of cells cultured on tissue culture plastic (TCPS) or mineralized bone matrix (MBM), with MSC growth media (GM) or osteogenic media (OM), in the presence or absence of polyethylene terephthalate mesh (PET). Response was examined by measuring markers that indicate the initiation of differentiation including (A) DNA; (B) alkaline phosphate specific activity; factors that indicate late stage osteoblast differentiation including (C) osteocalcin and (D) osteoprotegerin (OPG); and production of factors associated with osteogenesis, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2 (E) and 4 (F) and (G) vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF). P < .05 # versus no mesh, @ versus no MBM. % versus GM.

  • Figure 4
    Figure 4

    Representative parasagittal images of histologic (left) and microradiograph (right) samples from each interbody treatment including discectomy, autograft, allograft/demineralized bone matrix (DBM), and allograft/DBM plus pedicle screws. One hundred micrograms undecalcified samples were stained using the Villanueva Osteochrome Bone Stain, and embedded in polymethylmethacrylate. Microradiographs of the histologic sections were obtained using a Faxitron x-ray.

  • Figure 5
    Figure 5

    Quantification of bone ingrowth in the microradiographs. *P < .05, versus all other groups.

  • Figure 6
    Figure 6

    Mechanical testing: (A) axial rotation range of motion; (B) flexion-extension range of motion; and (C) lateral bending range of motion. Sites treated with allograft/demineralized bone matrix (DBM) plus pedicle screws were tested with the screws in place (Allo/DBM Screws) and after removal of the screws with dissection of the facet joints (Allo/DBM Screws Removed). *P < .05, versus allograft/DBM alone.

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Cell and Tissue Response to Polyethylene Terephthalate Mesh Containing Bone Allograft in Vitro and in Vivo
D. Joshua Cohen, Lisa Ferrara, Marcus B. Stone, Zvi Schwartz, Barbara D. Boyan
International Journal of Spine Surgery Dec 2020, 14 (s3) S121-S132; DOI: 10.14444/7135
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