Chronic Low Back Pain Occurring in Association With Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Two-dimensional variability of joint hypermobility syndrome represented by the vertical (pathogenesis) and horizontal (etiology). Centrally, the relationships between the domains of asymptomatic joint hypermobility and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Generalized joint hypermobility and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are highlighted as the closest phenotypes, within the corresponding domains. Abbreviations: EDS, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (various types); FGDs, functional gastrointestinal disorders; G-HSD, generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder; GJH, generalized joint hypermobility; hEDS, hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; JH, joint hypermobility (various types); H-HSD, historical hypermobility spectrum disorder; L-HSD, localized hypermobility spectrum disorder; P-HSD, peripheral hypermobility spectrum disorder; POTS, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.