Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Decision-making algorithm.
- Figure 2
Schematic drawing of simple lumbar synovial cyst resection.
- Figure 3
An illustrative case demonstrating an L4-L5 right synovial cyst resection (A). Axial (B), sagittal (C), and coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging images show a synovial cyst causing lumbar spinal stenosis. Intraoperative lateral (D) and anterior-posterior fluoroscopic views show the tubular retractor positioned right above the facet-laminar junction. Postoperative axial (F), sagittal (G), and coronal (H) computed tomography scans demonstrate laminotomy and validate the cyst resection.
- Figure 4
Schematic synovial cyst resection and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. (A) Lateral facetectomy by high-speed drill. (B) Bullet cage inserted by aid of Kirschner wire once the synovial cyst has been completely removed and the thecal sac decompressed. (C) Medial ligamentum flavum incision for medial to lateral dissection from underlying normal dura to synovial cyst capsule. (D) Synovial cyst resection with overlying ligamentum flavum.
- Figure 5
An illustrative transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) case shows axial (A) and sagittal (B) magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrating a huge right synovial cyst at the L4-L5 level. Anterior-posterior (C) and lateral (D) intraoperative fluoroscopic views illustrating TLIF and transpedicular screw fixation augmented with bone cement because of osteopenia evident on the preoperative bone density scan. The postoperative axial computed tomography scan images (E–G) validate the L4-level cyst resection, adequate position of the interbody fusion cage, and the L4 and L5 pedicle screws without breaches.
- Figure 6
Continuation of the same illustrative case shown in Figure 5. A 14-mm tube was placed for right-sided transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and synovial cyst resection (A). Bilateral transpedicular screw fixation after transforaminal interbody fusion and cyst resection was performed (B). Bilateral skin incisions (right side at the bottom, left side at the top) were made (C). The ligamentum flavum was identified (D), and the synovial cyst (at the top) was noted to be adherent to it (E). The decompressed dural sac was visualized after completion of the cyst resection (F).
- Figure 7
Schematic of simple cervical synovial cyst resection.
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