Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Mean bone mineral density (BMD) determined by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry analysis of different cervical levels of normal and mature-fusion specimens at C3 through C7. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Index denotes the fused levels, (+1) denotes the adjacent level above the fused level, and (−1) denotes the adjacent level below the fused level. The BMD at the C3 level was significantly greater in group 1 (+1 or +2 levels above mature fusion) than in group 3 (normal spines without fusion). Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
- Figure 2
Graph showing mean range of motion (ROM; full bars), lax zone (from zero to the vertical dividing line), and stiff zone (SZ; from the vertical dividing line to ROM) at the index levels before and after fusion during each loading mode (lateral bending, axial rotation, flexion-extension). The P values show level of significance from 1-way analysis of variance comparing intact levels (C5-6 alone in group 2 and C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7 combined in group 2), levels with mature fusion (C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7 combined in group 1), and levels with fresh fixation (C5-6 in group 2). Error bars indicate standard deviation of the ROM. Deg indicates degrees. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
- Figure 3
Graphs showing mean range of motion (ROM; full bars), lax zone (LZ; from zero to the vertical dividing line), and stiff zone (SZ; from the vertical dividing line to ROM) at the adjacent levels during (A) flexion-extension, (B) lateral bending, and (C) axial rotation. Two levels above fusion is indicated with (+2), 1 level above fusion is indicated with (+1), 1 level below fusion is indicated with (−1), and 2 levels below fusion is indicated with (−2) (groups 1 and 2). The P values show level of significance (Student t test) comparing levels adjacent to a fusion (group 1) and the same matched cervical levels from normal intact specimens (group 2). The P values for LZ and SZ are shown inside respective bars, and those for ROM are outside the bars. Error bars indicate standard deviation of the mean ROM. Deg indicates degrees. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
- Figure 4
Angular coupled rotation per degree of primary rotation showing coupling patterns between lateral bending and axial rotation. (A) Lateral bending during axial rotation (CFLB/AR). (B) Axial rotation during lateral bending at different levels (CFAR/LB). Error bars indicate standard deviation. Deg indicates degrees. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
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