Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Regional geographical distribution of ORs (95% CIs) for receiving spinal augmentation for management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture in the Midwest, Northwest, South, and West regions of the United States.
- Figure 2
Annual rate of spinal augmentation procedure utilization for the management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture from 2012 to 2016.
Tables
Characteristics Total Patients
(N = 35,199)Age, y, mean (SD) 78.7 (11.1) Sex, female, n (%) 28,902 (82.1) Race, n (%) White/Caucasian 28,901 (82.1) Black/African American 869 (2.5) Hispanic/Latino 1885 (5.4) Asian/Pacific Islander 1063 (3.0) Native American 118 (0.3) Unknown/other 653 (1.9) Insurance coverage, n (%) Medicare 30,732 (87.3) Medicaid 1033 (2.9) Private insurance 2851 (8.1) Self-pay 225 (0.6) No charge 20 (0.1) Other 327 (0.9) Income quartile, n (%) First (poorest) 7569 (21.5) Second 9067 (25.8) Third 9121 (25.9) Fourth (wealthiest) 8908 (25.3) Hospital location/teaching status, n (%) Rural 3907 (11.1) Urban, nonteaching 12,116 (34.4) Urban, teaching 19,176 (54.5) Hospital control, n (%) Public 2981 (8.5) Private, nonprofit 28,321 (80.5) Private, for-profit 3897 (11.1) Geographical region, n (%) Northeast 7240 (20.6) Midwest 9474 (26.9) South 10,427 (29.6) West 8058 (22.9) Characteristics Surgical
(N = 7900)Conservative
(N = 27,299)RR for Spine Augmentation Adjusted P Value Unadjusted RR (95% CI) Adjusted RR (95% CI) Age, y, mean (SD) 78.5 (11.4) 78.6 (11.4) -- -- 0.543 Sex, female, n (%) 6331 (80.1) 22,571 (82.7) 0.88 (0.84–0.92) 0.90 (0.87–0.94) <0.001 Race, n (%) White/Caucasian 6794 (89.1) 22,107 (85.5) Ref Ref Black/African American 158 (2.1) 711 (2.7) 0.77 (0.67–0.89) 0.79 (0.70–0.89) <0.001 Hispanic/Latino 332 (4.4) 1553 (6.0) 0.75 (0.68–0.83) 0.82 (0.76–0.90) <0.001 Asian/Pacific Islander 190 (2.5) 873 (3.4) 0.76 (0.67–0.87) 0.90 (0.81–0.99) 0.048 Native American 22 (0.3) 96 (0.4) 0.79 (0.54–1.16) 0.91 (0.67–1.23) 0.518 Unknown/other 132 (1.7) 521 (2.0) 0.86 (0.74–1.00) 0.88 (0.78–0.99) 0.037 Insurance coverage, n (%) Medicare 6993 (88.6) 23,739 (87.0) Ref Ref Medicaid 138 (1.7) 895 (3.3) 0.59 (0.50–0.69) 0.76 (0.66–0.87) <0.001 Private insurance 663 (8.4) 2188 (8.0) 1.02 (0.95–1.10) 1.06 (1.00–1.12) 0.042 Self-pay 41 (0.5) 184 (0.7) 0.80 (0.61–1.06) 0.99 (0.79–1.23) 0.901 No charge 3 (0.0) 17 (0.1) 0.66 (0.23–1.87) 0.60 (0.23–1.54) 0.204 Other 55 (0.7) 248 (0.9) 0.80 (0.63–1.01) 0.91 (0.75–1.10) 0.311 Income quartile, n (%) First (poorest) 1734 (22.2) 5835 (21.7) Ref Ref Second 2065 (26.5) 7002 (26.1) 0.99 (0.94–1.05) 0.98 (0.94–1.02) 0.367 Third 2079 (26.7) 7042 (26.2) 0.99 (0.94–1.05) 0.97 (0.92–1.00) 0.248 Fourth (wealthiest) 1916 (24.6) 6992 (26.0) 0.94 (0.89–0.99) 0.95 (0.91–0.99) 0.031 Hospital location/teaching status, n (%) Rural 486 (6.1) 3421 (12.5) Ref Ref Urban, nonteaching 2886 (36.5) 9230 (33.8) 1.91 (1.75–2.09) 1.56 (1.45–1.69) <0.001 Urban, teaching 4528 (57.3) 14,648 (53.7) 1.90 (1.74–2.07) 1.59 (1.47–1.72) <0.001 Hospital control, n (%) Public 428 (5.4) 2553 (9.4) Ref Ref Private, nonprofit 6418 (81.2) 21,903 (80.2) 1.58 (1.44–1.73) 1.35 (1.26–1.47) <0.001 Private, for-profit 1054 (13.3) 2843 (10.4) 1.88 (1.70–2.09) 1.51 (1.39–1.65) <0.001 Geographical region, n (%) Northeast 1189 (15.1) 6051 (22.2) Ref Ref Midwest 2735 (34.6) 6739 (24.7) 1.76 (1.65–1.87) 1.52 (1.44–1.60) <0.001 South 2983 (37.8) 7444 (27.3) 1.74 (1.64–1.85) 1.49 (1.42–1.57) <0.001 West 993 (12.6) 7065 (25.9) 0.75 (0.69 to 0.81) 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) <0.001 Boldface indicates statistically significant findings.
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