Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Intraoperative images depicting standard prone patient positioning. Pads placed below the axillae and around the hip induce a convex bend in the patient’s abdomen, opening up the near side of the disc space.
- Figure 2
Illustration of sagittal radiographic parameters collected.
- Figure 3
Function global rating of change (GROC) scores at 2 wk, 6 wk, and 3 mo from surgery.
- Figure 4
Pain global rating of change (GROC) scores at 2 wk, 6 wk, and 3 mo from surgery.
- Figure 5
Patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) scores at 2 wk, 6 wk, and 3 mo from surgery.
Tables
- Table 1
Demographics of patients undergoing the PTP approach to lateral lumbar interbody fusion (N = 82).
Demographics n (%) No. of levels 133 No. of PTP 1 46 (56) 2 26 (32) 3 5 (6) 4 5 (6) Total no. of levels fused 1 35 (43) 2 23 (28) 3 13 (16) 4 8 (10) 5 2 (2) Level of PTP L1-L2 11 (8) L2-L3 30 (23) L3-L4 44 (33) L4-L5 45 (34) Gender, % women 56 Age, y, mean (SD) 63 (12) Abbreviation: PTP, prone transpsoas.
Note: Data presented as n (%) except where otherwise noted.
Radiographic Measure N Mean (SD) Change Compared With Preoperative P Value Lumbar lordosis, ° Initial postoperative 80 4.5 (8.6) <0.001 3 mo postoperative 57 4.4 (7.2) <0.001 Segmental lordosis, ° Initial postoperative 123 6.8 (4.8) <0.001 3 mo postoperative 85 6.7 (4.4) <0.001 Anterior disc height, mm Initial postoperative 123 8.0 (3.6) <0.001 3 mo postoperative 85 7.4 (3.6) <0.001 Posterior disc height, mm Initial postoperative 123 3.3 (2.4) <0.001 3 mo postoperative 85 3.1 (2.5) <0.001 Note: Boldface indicates statistically significant findings with P value <0.05
Measure N Mean (SD) Change Compared With Preoperative P Value ODI 2 wk postoperative 32 6.4 (23.2) 0.129 6 wk postoperative 38 −7.7 (20) 0.023 3 mo postoperative 29 −18.3 (17.4) <0.001 Pain EQ5D 2 wk postoperative 33 −0.4 (1) 0.017 6 wk postoperative 40 −1.0 (1.1) <0.001 3 mo postoperative 5 −0.8 (0.4) 0.016 VAS EQ5D 2 wk postoperative 33 −2.8 (26.2) 0.541 6 wk postoperative 40 6.6 (15.8) 0.012 3 mo postoperative 5 16.4 (20.2) 0.145 Leg VAS 2 wk postoperative 39 −2.3 (4.1) <0.001 6 wk postoperative 42 −3.3 (3.6) <0.001 3 mo postoperative 32 −3.8 (3.4) <0.001 Back VAS 2 wk postoperative 38 −1.6 (2.5) <0.001 6 wk postoperative 43 −3.3 (3.1) <0.001 3 mo postoperative 31 −3.9 (3.2) <0.001 Abbreviations: ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
Note: Boldface indicates statistically significant findings.
Complication n (%) Ipsilateral hip flexor pain 37 (45.1) Ipsilateral hip flexor weakness 32 (39.0) Ipsilateral thigh numbness 6 (7.3) Contralateral hip flexor pain 12 (14.6) Contralateral hip flexor weakness 3 (3.7) Anterior longitudinal ligament rupture 3 (3.7) Urinary retention 6 (7.3) Aborted prone transpsoas level 4 (4.9) Pseudohernia 1 (1.2) Deep vein thrombosis 1 (1.2) Femoral nerve palsy 2 (2.4) Pneumonia 1 (1.2) Altered mental status 1 (1.2) Urosepsis 1 (1.2) Subsidence on 3-month radiographs 1 (1.2) Foot drop 1 (1.2) Bradycardia 1 (1.2) Adjacent segment spondylolisthesis 1 (1.2) ST depression on electrocardiogram 1 (1.2) Psoas bleeding during retractor removal 1 (1.2) Death 2 (2.4)
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