Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
A 17-year-old female patient with a Lenke 1AN scoliosis with a main Cobb angle of 70° treated with cobalt-chrome rods: coronal (A, B) and lateral (B, D) view of pre- (A, B) and postoperative (C, D) x-ray images. After correction and posterior fusion from T4 to L3, an optimal 3-dimensional spine profile is achieved.
- Figure 2
A 15-year-old patient with a Lenke 1BN scoliosis with a main thoracic curve of 71° treated with titanium alloy rods: coronal (A, C) and lateral (B, D) view of pre- (A, B) and postoperative (C, D) x-ray images. After correction and posterior fusion from T4 to L2, correct coronal and sagittal balance are restored.
Tables
Cobalt-Chrome Group (n = 30) Titanium Alloy Group (n = 34) Variable Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD Range P Value Sex, n F: 26, M: 4 F: 28, M: 6 Age, y 14.6 ± 2.3 11–18 15.5 ± 1.9 12–18 0.258 Follow-up, y 2.2 ± 0.2 2–2.4 2.1 ± 0.4 2–2.9 0.833 No. of fused levels 11.1 ± 1.2 10–13 11.2 ± 0.8 10–13 0.941 Screw density, No. of screws / No. of instrumented vertebrae 1.8 ± 0.2 1.7–2 1.8 ± 0.1 1.6–2 0.912 Lenke lumbar modifier 14A, 14B, 2C 16A, 15B, 3C 0.620 LSM 8+, 18N, 4− 6+, 22N, 6− 0.589 Preoperative MT Cobb’s angle 60.3° ± 15.5 39–96° 65.6° ± 10.6 50–85° 0.116 Side-bending correction index, % 30.1% ± 22.7 12–54% 32.4% ± 16.3 17–51% 0.652 Ponte osteotomies, % of instrumented levels 13.5% (45/333) 15.5% (59/381) 0.897 Postoperative MT Cobb’s angle 16.1° ± 6.1 7–28° 22.8° ± 8.3 6–38° <0.001a Coronal correction, % 73.6% ± 7.4 60.3–86.2% 65.5% ± 11 46.4–88% 0.001a Last FU MT Cobb’s angle, % 16.6° ± 6.5 9–34° 23.4° ± 8 12–36° 0.421 Coronal loss of correction at last FU, % 0.5° ± 1.4 −2 to 5° 0.6° ± 1.6 −1 to 7° 0.816 Preoperative TK 19.3° ± 11.9 5–44° 21.6° ± 14.8 2–50° 0.507 LSM+ 42.5° ± 1.7 41–44° 45° ± 4.1 41–50° 0.289 LSM− 7.7° ± 1.7 5–9° 4.7 ± 2.5 2–7° 0.021a Postoperative TK 20.6° ± 6.9 9–32° 20.1° ± 6.1 11–31° 0.768 LSM+ 25.5° ± 7.5 19–32° 28° ± 2.4 26–31° 0.565 LSM− 15.8° ± 4.6 9–20° 14.7° ± 2.1 13–17° 0.600 Pre- to postoperative TK change 1.3° ± 7.6 (6.6%) −12 to 15° 1.5° ± 11 (−6.8%) −22 to 14° 0.933 LSM+ −17° ± 5.8 (−40%) −22 to 12° −17 ± 1.8 (−37.8%) −19 to 15° 0.999 LSM− 8° ± 6 (103.23%) 6–15° 10° ± 2 (214.29%) 8–12° 0.038a Last FU TK 21.1° ± 7 8–34° 21.6° ± 7.1 11–37° 0.770 LSM+ 27.3° ± 7.9 19–34° 31.3° ± 3.1 26–31° 0.397 LSM− 15.8° ± 5.1 8–20° 13.5° ± 1.5 11–15° 0.171 Postoperative to last FU TK change 0.5° ± 1.5 (2.3%) −3 to 4° 1.5° ± 3 (7.3%) −2 to 6° 0.032a LSM+ 1.8° ± 1.3 (6.9%) 0–3° 3.3° ± 2.5 (11.9%) −1 to 6° 0.282 LSM− 0° ± 0.9 (0%) −1 to 2° −1.2° ± 1 (−8%) −2 to 0° 0.060 Abbreviations: F, female; FU, follow-up; LMS, Lenke sagittal modifier; M, male; MT, main thoracic; TK, thoracic kyphosis.
↵a Statistically significant (P < 0.05).
- Table 2
T5-T12 kyphosis corrections according to subgroup (+, N, −) and type of rods used.
Preoperative TK Postoperative TK Group Mean ± SD Range Mean ± SD Range Mean Change (%) P Value Overall (n = 64) 20.5° ± 13.4 2–50° 20.3° ± 6.4 9–32° −0.9% 0.914 Overall CrCo (n = 30) 19.3° ± 11.9 5–44° 20.6° ± 6.9 9–32° 6.7% 0.538 Overall TiAl (n = 34) 21.6° ± 14.8 2–50° 20.1° ± 6.1 11–31° −6.8% 0.745 LSM+ (n = 10) 44° ± 3.7 41–50° 27° ± 5.2 19–32° −38.6% 0.006a CrCo (n = 4) 42.5° ± 1.7 41–44° 25.5° ± 7.5 19–32° −40% 0.009a TiAl (n = 6) 45° ± 4.1 41–50° 28° ± 2.4 26–31° −37.8% 0.035a LSM N (n = 40) 19.6° ± 8.2 10–31° 20.5° ± 5.9 11–29° 4.3% 0.193 CrCo (n = 18) 21.5° ± 9.3 10–31° 21.1° ± 6.3 14–29° −1.8% 0.586 TiAl (n = 22) 17.7° ± 6.9 10–28° 19.5° ± 5.7 11–28° 10.2% 0.237 LSM− (n = 14) 6.4° ± 2.6 2–9° 15.3° ± 3.8 9–20° 137.8% <0.0001a CrCo (n = 8) 7.8° ± 1.8 5–9° 15.8° ± 4.6 9–20° 103.2% 0.034a TiAl (n = 6) 4.7° ± 2.5 2–7° 14.7 ± 2.1 13–17° 214.3% <0.0001a Abbreviations: CrCo, chrome-cobalt; LSM, Lenke sagittal modifier; TiAl, titanium alloy; TK, thoracic kyphosis.
↵a Statistically significant (P < 0.05).
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