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Outcome Measure MIC PASS Level Comment Leg pain NRS (0–10) 3.5 2 NRS Back pain NRS (0–10) 2.5 2 NRS Oswestry Disability Index (0–100) −20 22 Composite score Abbreviations: MIC, minimal important change; NRS, numerical rating scale; PASS, patient acceptable symptom state.
↵a PASS indicates the highest score on that scale that is acceptable to a generalized population.
Characteristic FELD Group (n = 80) Control Group (n = 400) P Value Difference Between Groups,
Mean (95% CI)Age, y, n = 80 n = 400 Mean (SD) (95% CI for mean) 32.4 (10.4) (30.1; 34.7) 33.2 (10.0) (32.2; 34.2) 0.53 −0.763 (−3.209; 1.682) Sex, n (%) n = 80 n = 400 Men 41 (51.3%) 205 (51.3%) 0.0 (−12.7; 12.7) Women 39 (48.8%) 195 (48.8%) >0.99 0.0 (−12.7; 12.7) Body mass index n = 80 n = 400 Mean (SD) (95% CI for mean) 25.0 (4.0) (24.1; 25.9) 25.3 (3.3) (25.0; 25.6) 0.46 −0.309 (−1.173; 0.504) Smoker, n (%) n = 69 n = 398 No 59 (85.5%) 343 (86.2%) −0.7 (−10.5; 9.1) Yes 10 (14.5%) 55 (13.8%) >0.99 0.7 (−9.1; 10.5) Leg pain (NRS 0–10) n = 56 n = 389 Mean (SD) (95% CI for mean) 7.34 (1.98) (6.81; 7.87) 6.99 (2.18) (6.78; 7.21) 0.27 0.347 (−0.231; 0.936) Back pain (NRS 0–10) n = 56 n = 388 Mean (SD) (95% CI for mean) 5.11 (2.74) (4.37; 5.84) 4.81 (2.83) (4.53; 5.09) 0.45 0.295 (−0.510; 1.080) Duration of leg pain, n (%) n = 80 n = 400 <3 mo 6 (7.5%) 30 (7.5%) 3–12 mo 49 (61.3%) 245 (61.3%) 12–24 mo 13 (16.3%) 65 (16.3%) >24 mo 12 (15.0%) 60 (15.0%) >0.99 Oswestry Disability Index n = 55 n = 392 Mean (SD) (95% CI for mean) 46.5 (18.5) (41.5; 51.5) 46.5 (17.8) (44.7; 48.3) 0.97 −0.007 (−4.939; 4.958) Lumbar disc herniation level, n (%) n = 80 n = 400 L4-L5 25 (31.3%) 153 (38.3%) −7.0 (−19.0; 5.0) L5-S1 55 (68.8%) 247 (61.8%) 0.29 7.0 (−5.0; 19.0) Abbreviations: FELD, full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy; NRS, numerical rating scale.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measure FELD Group
(n = 80)Control Group
(n = 400)P Value Difference Between Groups,
Mean (95% CI)NRSLeg (1 y) n = 67 n = 223 Mean (SD) (range) 2.69 (2.68) (2.03; 3.34) 1.97 (2.49) (1.64; 2.30) 0.065 0.718 (−0.040; 1.429) NRSLeg decrease n = 43 n = 219 Mean (SD) (range) −4.35 (2.93) (−5.25; −3.45) −4.99 (3.12) (−5.40; −4.57) 0.24 0.637 (−0.421; 1.657) NRSLeg % change n = 43 n = 219 Mean (SD) (range) −60.2 (36.7) (−71.4; −48.9) −65.3 (65.0) (−73.9; −56.6) 0.57 5.13 (−18.07; 22.31) NRSBack(1 y) n = 62 n = 224 Mean (SD) (range) 2.56 (2.38) (1.96; 3.17) 2.34 (2.46) (2.02; 2.67) 0.54 0.221 (−0.444; 0.891) NRSBack decrease n = 36 n = 200 Mean (SD) (range) −2.72 (2.59) (−3.60; −1.85) −2.47 (3.05) (−2.89; −2.04) 0.66 −0.257 (−1.310; 0.848) NRSBack % change n = 36 n = 200 Mean (SD) (range) −46.5 (47.8) (−62.7; −30.3) −32.1 (108.1) (−47.1; −17.0) 0.47 −14.4 (−57.0; 14.6) ODI (1 y) n = 64 n = 225 Mean (SD) (range) 17.3 (16.7) (13.2; 21.5) 15.6 (14.7) (13.7; 17.6) 0.46 1.67 (−2.79; 5.89) 1-y ODI decrease n = 41 n = 223 Mean (SD) (range) −28.4 (19.2) (−34.5; −22.3) −28.7 (18.9) (−31.2; −26.2) 0.92 0.336 (−5.833; 6.645) ODI % change n = 41 n = 223 Mean (SD) (range) −61.7 (38.6) (−73.9; −49.5) −62.9 (35.1) (−67.6; −58.3) 0.84 1.22 (−11.43; 13.17) EQ-VAS (1 y) n = 64 n = 218 Mean (SD) (range) 72.1 (19.1) (67.3; 76.8) 76.4 (16.9) (74.2; 78.7) 0.095 −4.35 (−9.14; 0.65) EQ-VAS increase n = 42 n = 208 Mean (SD) (range) 28.1 (21.5) (21.4; 34.8) 27.1 (25.2) (23.6; 30.5) 0.80 1.03 (−6.71; 9.38) EQ-VAS % change n = 42 n = 205 Mean (SD) (range) 98.3 (121.3) (60.5; 136.1) 98.6 (160.9) (76.4; 120.7) 0.96 −0.284 (−56.365; 43.688) GALeg GALeg 1–2a 42 (71.2%) 183 (81.3%) −10.1 (−23.8; 3.6) GALeg 3–5b 17 (28.8%) 42 (18.7%) 0.13 10.1 (−3.6; 23.8) GABack GABack 1–2a 44 (80.0%) 154 (76.6%) 3.4 (−9.9; 16.6) GABack 3–5b 11 (20.0%) 47 (23.4%) 0.74 −3.4 (−16.6; 9.9) Abbreviations: FELD, full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy; GA, global assessment; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index.
GA was measured using a 5-level Likert-scale patient recall question.
↵a GA values 1–2 = pain free and much better.
↵b GA values 3–5 = better, somewhat better, and worse.
PASS Scores Total (N = 480) FELD Group (n = 80) Control Group (n = 400) P Value Difference Between Groups, Mean (95% CI) NRSLeg ≤2, n (%) No 91 (31.4%) 28 (41.8%) 63 (28.3%) 13.5 (−0.6; 27.7) Yes 199 (68.6%) 39 (58.2%) 160 (71.7%) 0.055 −13.5 (−27.7; 0.6) Missing 190 13 177 NRSBack ≤2, n (%) No 112 (39.2%) 28 (45.2%) 84 (37.5%) 7.7 (−7.3; 22.6) Yes 174 (60.8%) 34 (54.8%) 140 (62.5%) 0.34 −7.7 (−22.6; 7.3) Missing 194 18 176 Oswestry Disability Index ≤22, n (%) No 72 (24.9%) 18 (28.1%) 54 (24.0%) 4.1 (−9.2; 17.5) Yes 217 (75.1%) 46 (71.9%) 171 (76.0%) 0.60 −4.1 (−17.5; 9.2) Missing 191 16 175 Abbreviations: FELD, full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale; PASS, patient acceptable symptom state.
MIC FELD Group (n = 80) Control Group (n = 400) P Value Difference Between Groups, Mean (95% CI) NRSLeg change ≥3.5, n (%) No 17 (39.5%) 58 (26.4%) 13.2 (−3.9; 30.3) Yes 26 (60.5%) 162 (73.6%) 0.12 −13.2 (−30.3; 3.9) Missing 37 180 NRSBack change ≥2.5, n (%) No 23 (59.0%) 125 (56.8%) 2.2 (−16.1; 20.4) Yes 16 (41.0%) 95 (43.2%) 0.94 −2.2 (−20.4; 16.1) Missing 41 180 Oswestry Disability Index change ≤20, n (%) No 26 (63.4%) 148 (66.4%) −3.0 (−20.4; 14.5) Yes 15 (36.6%) 75 (33.6%) 0.84 3.0 (−14.5; 20.4) Missing 39 177 Abbreviations: FELD, full endoscopic lumbar discectomy; MIC, minimal important change; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale.
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