Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Preoperative T2 magnetic resonance imaging showing Grade 1 spondylolisthesis of the L4–L5 level on the (a) sagittal view and right-sided foraminal compression of the exiting nerve root on the (b) axial slice.
- Figure 2
Full-length standing x-ray images showing the improvement in spinopelvic parameters (lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, and sacral slope) comparing the (A) preoperative to (B) 1-year follow-up images.
- Figure 3
Sequential fluoroscopic imaging showing (A) a blunt electromyography-guided probe traversing Kambin’s triangle into the disc space. (B) After satisfactory end plate preparation, an introducer is placed at the center of the disc space and loaded with an expandable cage.
- Figure 4
Survivorship model of surgically significant ASD over time. ASD, adjacent segment disease; percLIF, percutaneous lumbar interbody fusion.
- Figure 5
Preoperative (A) extension and (B) flexion standing lumbar x-rays showing reduced anterior and posterior disc space heights at the L4–L5 level. Two-year postoperative (C) extension and (D) flexion films highlighting the maintained long-term increase in disc space heights.
- Figure 6
Radiographic outcomes over a 2-year follow-up revealing significant improvement compared with baseline values across each parameter at every recorded postoperative time point. ** P < 0.001.
- Figure 7
Patient-reported outcomes for the mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) through 24 months with the minimal clinically important difference shown (dotted line).
- Figure 8
Patient-reported outcomes for the visual analog scale (VAS) back score through 24 months with the minimal clinically important difference shown (dotted line).
Tables
Variable n (%) or Mean (SD) N 49 (100%) Age, y 61.4 (11.4) Woman 30 (61.2%) Body mass index (kg/m2) 31.3 (5.1) Caucasian 38 (77.6%) Not Hispanic 48 (98.0%) Operative level L1–L2 0 (0%) L2–L3 3 (6.1%) L3–L4 10 (20.4%) L4–L5 27 (55.1%) L5–S1 9 (18.4%) Variable n (%) or Mean (SD) Operative time, min 190.4 (73.9) Estimated blood loss, mL 70.3 (82.7) Length of stay, nights 3.4 (2.9) Readmissions 3 (6.12%) Operations for adjacent segment disease 5 (10.2%) Years After Initial Fusion Number of New ASD Surgery Number Censored Effective Sample Size Annual Incidence of ASD 0 0 0 49.0 0 1 0 0 49.0 0 2 4 15 41.5 0.0964 3 1 11 24.5 0.0408 4 0 13 11.5 0 5 0 5 2.5 0 Abbreviation: ASD, adjacent segment disease.
Variable Mean (SD) P Valuea Baseline 3 Mo 6 Mo 12 Mo 24 Mo Spondylolisthesis, mm 7.5 (3.7) 4.1 (2.1) 4.3 (2.9) 3.4 (2.5) 2.6 (2.8) <0.001 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo Anterior disc space height, mm 7.5 (3.2) 12.7 (2.8) 12.5 (2.8) 12.7 (3.0) 13.6 (3.2) <0.001 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo Posterior disc space height, mm 4.9 (2.2) 9.0 (2.8) 8.1 (2.5) 8.1 (3.0) 8.1 (2.1) <0.001 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo LL° 46.5 (12.9) 52.3 (12.9) 52.7 (11.5) 53.5 (12.5) 52.6 (12.6) <0.001 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo Sagittal vertical axis, mm 58.4 (24.2) 33.5 (14.4) 49.1 (21.0) 45.8 (32.3) 56.4 (38.4) 3 mo: P < 0.001
6 mo: P = 0.074
12 mo: P = 0.087
24 mo: P = 0.948Pelvic tilt° 20.7 (4.8) 13.5 (9.1) 12.7 (8.8) 11.1 (8.1) 9.9 (9.7) <0.001 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo Sacral slope° 32.2 (8.9) 38.9 (9.3) 40.2 (9.4) 41.5 (9.9) 45.1 (8.4) <0.001 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo Pelvic incidence°–LL° 6.4 (10.5) -1.0 (15.9) 0.0 (11.7) −1.0 (11.2) 2.4 (13.2) <0.001 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo Abbreviation: LL, lumbar lordosis.
↵a Significance was determined if the P < 0.05.
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.