Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Patient positioned on the Jackson table and draped for simultaneous access using the posterior and lateral approaches, slightly tilted to the contralateral side of the extreme lateral interbody fusion incision.
- Figure 2
A post mounted on the contralateral side of the extreme lateral interbody fusion incision avoids moving the patient and provides resistance for implant placement.
- Figure 3
The cage trajectory and size are planned using intraoperative navigation.
- Figure 4
A post mounted on the contralateral side of the extreme lateral interbody fusion incision avoids moving the patient and provides resistance for implant placement.
- Figure 5
Navigation of the dilator using the SureTrak system for positioning the Kirschner wire.
- Figure 6
Docking and fixation of the standard retractor.
- Figure 7
(A) Computed tomography image showing degenerative spondylolisthesis. (B) Magnetic resonance imaging showing lumbar spinal stenosis. (C) Preoperative radiograph. (D) Postoperative radiograph.
Tables
- Table 1
Demographic and surgical data of patients undergoing LLIF using a transpsoas approach.
Case Age, y Sex BMI ASA Instrumentation LLIF Level ALIF Pathology Operating Time, min Blood Loss, mL 1 71 Man 26 3 D11–L3 D12–L1 and L2–L3 No Scheuermann’s disease 302 300 2 79 Man 31 2 D11–pelvis L1–L2 No Adjacent segment disease L1–L2 434 200 3 81 Woman 26 3 L3–L5 L3–L4 and L4–L5 No Degenerative disc disease L3–L5 420 500 4 31 Woman 17 2 D4–L4 L3–L4 No Pseudarthrosis L3–L4 197 250 5 50 Woman 26 1 D4–L4 L3–L4 and L4–L5 No Adjacent segment disease L2–L4 260 340 6 69 Woman 35 2 L4–pelvis L4–L5 Yes Degenerative spondylolisthesis 230 270 7 73 Man 36 3 L3–L5 L3–L4 and L4–L5 No Degenerative disc disease L3–L5 240 300 8 77 Woman 32 3 D11–pelvis L1–L2, L2–L3, and L3–L4 No Degenerative scoliosis 260 250 9 53 Woman 36 3 L3–L5 L3–L4 and L4–L5 No Degenerative disc disease L3–L5 250 290 10 68 Woman 30 3 D9–L2 D11–D12 No Nonunion 180 190 11 63 Woman 33 2 L3–pelvis L3–L4 and L4–L5 No Degenerative disc disease L3–L5 250 450 12 67 Woman 26 3 L4–pelvis L4–L5 Yes Adjacent segment disease L4–L5 300 450 13 76 Woman 24 3 L3–pelvis L3–L4 and L4–L5 Yes Degenerative scoliosis 420 550 14 54 Woman 38 3 L4–pelvis L4–L5 Yes Adjacent segment disease L4–L5 360 600 15 34 Woman 22 2 L4–L5 L4–L5 No Degenerative disc disease L4–L5 100 100 Abbreviations: ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; LLIF, lateral lumbar interbody fusion.
Radiologic Variable Preoperative Postoperative P value Sagittal vertical axis 39.20° ± 50.29° 31.67° ± 50.10° 0.9773 Lumbar lordosis 41.27° ± 16.08° 45.27° ± 13.56° 0.3106 Pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis 12.27° ± 16.01° 8.27° ± 15.76° 0.3106 Segmental lordosisa 3.26° ± 8.97° 13.09° ± 15.25° <0.01 ↵a Lordosis measured on the segment implanted with LLIF cages.
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