Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Disc height measurements at the anterior, mid- and posterior portion on lateral radiographs at the L4/5 disc. A) radiograph B) drawing (Note that the L5-S1 segment is >50% collapsed in comparison to the adjacent L4-5).
- Figure 2
Appearance of a symptomatic L5-S1 segment with >50% collapse on plain radiographs (A) and MRI (B). Adjacent segment is healthy on MRI (grade 2) and was therefore used as reference.
- Figure 4
CT-discogram demonstrating (A) a severely degenerated disc/annulus, with a tear extending through all fibers and large annular deficiency (>50%) - unsuitable for PDN implantation, (B) a complete but focal tear (<10% of annular periphery) -suitable for PDN implantation, and (C) an incomplete, focal tear- suitable for PDN implantation.
Tables
Level Frequency % L2-3 2 1.7 L3-4 16 13.7 L4-5 44 37.6 L5-S1 55 47.0 Total 117 Grade Structure and Anulus Distinction of Nucleus Signal Intensity Intervertebral Disc Height of I Homogeneous, bright white Clear Hyperintense, isotense to cerebrospinal fluid Normal II Inhomogeneous with or without horizontal bands Clear Hyperintense, isotense to cerebrospinal fluid Normal III Inhomogeneous, gray Unclear Intermediate Normal to slightly decreased IV Inhomogeneous, gray to black Lost Intermediate to hypointense Normal to moderately decreased V Inhomogeneous, black Lost Hypointense Collapsed disc space Degeneration (Annulus) Annular disruption (Contrast Extension) 0 - No change 0 - None 1 - Local (<10%) 1 - Into inner annulus 2 - Partial (<50%) 2 - Into outer annulus 3 -Total (>50%) 3 -Beyond outer annulus - Table 4
Summary of the Levels Serially Eliminated Due to Rapidiographic and Clinincal Contraindications to Nuclear Replacement
Level Start Schmorl >50% Collapse Irregular Endplates Insufficient Ennulus No Radiographic Contraindictions % BMI> 30 Overall Suitable for Nuclear Replacement % L2-3 2 0 0 0 0 2 100 1 1 50 L3-4 16 1 0 0 4 11 68.8 3 8 50 L4-5 44 2 1 1 8 32 72.7 6 26 59.1 L5-S1 55 1 10 10 20 14 25.5 2 12 21.8 Totals 117 4 11 11 32 59 50.4 12 47 40.2 - Table 5
Overall Prevalence of Contraindications to Nuclear Replacement at Each Affected Level
Level Start Schmorl >50% Collapse Irregular Endplates Insufficient Annulus BMI > 30 L2-3 2 0 0 0 0 1 L3-4 16 1 0 0 4 3 L4-5 44 2 1 2 13 9 L5-S1 55 1 10 15 34 8 Totals 117 4 11 17 51 21 % 3.4 9.4 14.5 43.6 17.9
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.