Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1
PRISMA flow diagram detailing search results.
- Fig. 2
SI joint pain score by months since surgery across studies. Time 0 = baseline (pre-surgery). Dot area is proportional to the inverse variance of each study's estimate. The gray line shows an inverse-variance weighted LOESS regression fit.
- Fig. 3
Oswestry Disability Index by months since surgery across studies. Time 0 = baseline (pre-surgery). Dot area is proportional to the inverse variance of each study's estimate. The gray line shows an inverse-variance weighted LOESS regression fit.
Tables
Author, Year Implant Study design N Demographics
Mean (±SD) or (range), unless otherwise specifiedResults
Mean (±SD) or (range) unless otherwise specified VAS uses a 0-10 scale unless otherwise specifiedComplications (n) Whang, 201539 Triangular TPS coated implants Prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled trial (surgical arm reported herein) 102 Age: 50.2 (26-72) years
Sex: 75 F/M
Prior lumbar fusion: 38%
Follow-up: 6moVAS: 8.2 (1.2) pre-op, 2.9 (2.9) at 6mo
ODI: 62.2 (14.5) pre-op, 31.9 (22.7) at 6mo
SF-36PCS: 30.2(6.2) pre-op, 42.8 (10.0) at 6mo
Surgical time: 44.9 (22.3) min
EBL: 32.7 (32.8) mL
Hospital stay: 0.8 (range 0-7) daysTrochanteric bursitis (4), surgical wound problems (4), iliac fracture (1), hairline ilium fracture (1), nerve root impingement (1) Vanaclocha 201449 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center case series 24 Age: 47.4 (32-71) years
Sex: 15F/9M
Prior lumbar fusion: 2
Follow-up: 23mo (1-4.5 years)VAS: 8.7 pre-op, 1.7 at 1yr, 2.1 at 4.5yrs
ODI: 54.1 pre-op, 14.3 at 1yr, 16.3 at 4.5yrs
Surgical time: 48 (40-65)min, unilateral cases
EBL: 58 (40-70)mLImmediate post-op pain (4-resolved), temporary post-op radiculopathic pain (2) Rudolf, 201438 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center case series 17 Age: 58 (36-85) years
Sex: 13F/4M
Prior lumbar fusion: 8 (47%)
Follow-up: 60mo
Bridging bone: 87% (13/15)VAS: 8.3 (1.4) pre-op, 3.4 (2.4) at 1yr, 1.4 (2.6) at 2yrs, 2.4 (2.2) at 5yrs
ODI: 21.5 (22.7) at 5yrs Surgical time: 65 (18) minNo intraoperative complications, hematoma (1), cellulitis (2), deep wound infection secondary to diverticulitis (1) Sachs, 201450 Triangular TPS coated implants Multi-center, Retrospective 144 Age: 58 (30-89)years
Sex: 30F/10M
Prior lumbar fusion: 62%
Follow-up: 16mo (12-26)VAS: 8.6 pre-op, 2.7 at follow-up
91% Very or somewhat satisfied
91.7% would have surgery again
Surgical time: 73min
EBL: 31mL
Hospital stay: 0.8 daysNo intraoperative complications. fall (5), trochanteric bursitis (4), piriformis syndrome (3), facet pain (3), contralateral SIJ pain(2), recurrent pain (3), leg pain (1), toe/foot numbness (2), hematoma (1), low back pain (1), implant revision (1),burning in upper thigh (1), bladder incontinence (1) Ledonio,201427 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center Retrospective, comparative cohort study 22 MIS Cohort
Age: 47.9 (13.1) years
Sex: 17F/5M
Prior lumbar fusion: 64%
Follow-up: median 15mo (12-26)ODI: 61.5 (12.5) pre-op, 52 (16.9) at follow-up
Surgical time: 68.3(26.8) min
EBL: 40.5 (31.4) mL
Hospital Stay: 2.0 (1.5) daysPulmonary embolism that resolved with treatment (1), revisions due to halo formation on the sacral side with recurring sacroiliac joint pain (2) 4.5mm plate, autograft 22 Open Cohort
Age: 51 (9.4) years
Sex:13F/9M
Prior lumbar fusion: 50%
Follow-up: median 13(11-33) moODI: 61.8 (10.8) pre-op, 47.4 (21.7) at follow-up
Surgical time: 128 (27.9) min
EBL: 168.8 (479.0) mL
Hospital Stay: 3.3 (1.1) daysPulmonary embolism (1), revision due to failed implant and nerve root irritation (2) Ledonio 201428 Triangular TPS coated implants Multi-center Retrospective, comparative cohort study 17 MIS Cohort
Age: median 66 (39-82) years
Sex: 11F/6M
Prior lumbar fusion: 82%
Follow-up: 12moValues reported as median (range)
ODI: 53 (14-84) pre-op, 13 (0-38) at 12 mo
Surgical time: 27 (18-72) min
Hospital Stay: 1 (1-2) daysTransient trochanteric bursitis (3), hematoma (1), transient toe numbness (1), revision due to malpositioned implant (1) 4.5mm plate, autograft 22 Open Cohort
Age: median 51 (34-74) years
Sex: 82F/32M
Prior lumbar fusion: 47%
Follow-up: 24moValues reported as median (range)
ODI: 64 (44-78) pre-op, 46 (10-80) at 12 mo
Surgical time: 128 (73-180) min
Hospital Stay: 3 (2-6) daysPulmonary embolism (1), revision due to failed implant and nerve root irritation (2) Graham-Smith, 201326 Triangular TPS coated implants Multi-center Retrospective comparative cohort study 114 MIS Cohort
Age: 57.4 (14.0) years
Sex: 82F/32M
Prior lumbar fusion: 47.4%
Follow-up: 24moVAS: 8.3 (1.6) pre-op, 2.3 (2.6) at 12mo, 1.7 (2.9) at 24mo
MCID: 86% reached at 12mo, 82% at 24mo
Surgical time: 70 (24) min
EBL: 33 (27) mL
Hospital stay: 1.3 (0.5) daysNo intraoperative complications. Postop repositioning of implants (4), 3.5% (4/114), cellulitis (3), facet pain (4) piriformis syndrome (2), trochanteric bursitis (2), wound infection (1) Screws, plates 149 Open Cohort
Age: 45.8 (11.3) years
Sex: 103F/46M
Prior lumbar fusion: 23.5%
Follow-up: 24moVAS: 7.1 (1.9) pre-op, 4.6 (3.0) at 12mo, 5.6 (2.9) at 24mo
MCID: 61% reached at 12mo, 50% at 24mo
Surgical time: 163 (25) min
EBL: 288 (182) mL
Hospital stay: 5.1 (1.9) daysNo intraoperative. Postop removal of implants (66), 44% (66/149). Bone fragment (1), cellulitis (1), leg pain (3), postoperative neuropathy (4), pulmonary embolism (2), trochanteric bursitis (4), wound infection (3) Duhon, 201324 Triangular TPS coated implants Multi-center, Prospective, efficacy (32) and safety (94) cohorts 32, 94 Age: 50.2 (12.6) years
Sex: 21F/11M
Prior lumbar fusion: 69%
Follow-up: 6moVAS (0-100mm): 76.2 (16.2) pre-op, 29.3 (23.3) at 6mo
ODI: 55.3 (10.7) pre-op, 38.9 (18.5) at 6mo
SF-36 PCS: 30.7 (4.3) pre-op, 37 (10.7) at 6mo
88.5% (23/26) success rate
Surgical time: 48 (16.1) min
EBL: 59 (95) mL
Hospital stay: 0.8 daysNo implant revision or removal, 6 AEs probably or definitely procedure-related (2 nausea, 2 wound infections, 1 cellulitis, 1 buttock pain) Sachs, 201344 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center, Retrospective case series 40 Age: 58 (30-81) years
Sex: 30F/10M
Prior lumbar fusion: 30%
Follow-up: 12moVAS: 8.7 (1.5) pre-op, 0.9 (1.6) at 12mo
98% reached MCID
100% patient satisfactionPiriformis syndrome (1), new LBP (1), facet joint pain (8), trochanteric bursitis (2) Cummings, 201345 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center, Retrospective case series 18 Age: 64 (39-81) years
Sex: 12F/6M
Prior lumbar fusion: 61%
Follow-up: 12moVAS: 8.9 (1.9) pre-op, 2.3(2.1) at 12mo
90% reached MCID
ODI: 52.6 (18.8) pre-op, 13.2 (12.6) at 12mo
SF-12 PCS: 37.8 (10.4) pre-op, 44.6 (10.5) at 12moTrochanteric bursitis (3), hematoma (1), fluid retention (1), toe numbness (1), implant malposition (1) Gaetani, 201335 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center, Retrospective case series 12 Age: 53.2 (36-71) years
Sex: 12F
Prior lumbar fusion: 8.3%
Follow-up: 10mo (8-18)VAS: 7.7 (1.3) pre-op, 3 (1.2) at follow-up
ODI: 31.4 (6.3) pre-op, 12 (3.5) at follow-up
RDQ: 17.6 (1 pre-op, 3 (4.1) at follow-up
Surgical time: 65 (16) min
EBL: <45 mL
3 month CT scans show initial fusionLocal hematoma (2), low back pain (1) Schroeder, 201334 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center, Retrospective case series 6 Age: 50 (25-60) years
Sex: 6F/0M
Prior lumbar fusion: 100% (deformity correction)
Follow-up: 10.25mo (4-15)VAS: 7.83 pre-op, 2.67 at follow-up
ODI: 22.1 pre-op, 10.5 at follow-up
Hospital stay: 2 days (range 1-4)
Bony bridging seen in 4 patientsNo intraoperative or post-operative complications. Rudolf, 201346 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center, Sub-group analysis 40 *Subgroup analysis from Rudolf 2012 to assess effect of prior lumbar fusion on outcomes. Follow up: 12 and 24 months 18 *No prior fusion
Age: 49(12)
Sex: 12F/6MVAS decrease at 12mo: -5.94 (3.3)
VAS decrease at 24mo: -5.47 (2.88)
Surgical time: 60(19) minSuperficial cellulitis (2), wound infection (1), revision for implant malposition (1) 15 *Prior lumbar spinal fusion
Age: 58(11)
Sex: 11F/4MVAS decrease at 12mo: -3.5 (3.46)
VAS decrease at 24mo: -5.81 (3.5)
Surgical time: 64(19) minSuperficial cellulitis (2), buttock hematoma (1), revision for implant malposition (1) 7 *Concomitant lumbar pathology treated non-surgically
Age: 58(17)
Sex: 3F/4MVAS decrease at 12mo: -3.71 (3.11)
VAS decrease at 24mo: -4.79 (4.28)
Surgical time: 64(19) minNone reported Rudolf, 201247 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center, Retrospective case series 50 Age: 54 (24-85) years
Sex: 34F/16M
Prior lumbar fusion: 44%
Follow-up: 40mo (24-56)VAS: 7.6 pre-op, 2.0 at follow-up
82% reached MCID
82% patient satisfaction
Surgical time: 65 (26) minsuperficial cellulitis (3), deep wound infection (1), hematoma (2), reoperation (3) Sachs, 201248 Triangular TPS coated implants Single center, Retrospective case series 11 Age: 65 (45-82) years
Sex: 10F/1M
Prior lumbar fusion: 18%
Follow-up: 12moVAS: 7.9 (2.2) pre-op, 2.3 (3.1) at 12mo
Surgical time: 77.5 (31.8) min
EBL: 21.8 (18.9) mLPiriformis syndrome (1), low back pain (1) Mason, 201336 HMA screw packed with DBM Prospective case series 55 Age: 57 years
Sex: 46F/9M
Prior lumbar fusion: 40%
Follow-up: 36 (12-84) moVAS: 8.05 (1.9) pre-op, 4.48 (2.81) at follow-up
SF-36PCS: 26.6 (15.2) pre-op, 43 (22.68) follow-up
Majeed: 36.18 (15.08) pre-op, 64.78 (20.18) follow-upPost-op nerve pain requiring reoperation (2) Khurana, 200937 HMA screw packed with DBM Retrospective case series 15 Age: 48.7 (37.3-62.6) years
Sex: 11F/4M
Prior lumbar fusion: 40%
Follow-up: 17 (9-39) moSF-36PCS: 28.49 (11.24) pre-op, 51.38 (9.87) at follow-up
Majeed: 37 (18-54) pre-op, 79 (63-96) at follow-up
Good to excellent results: 13/15
EBL: < 50 ml
Hospital stay: 2.7 (1-7) daysNo post-operative neurological or wound complications. Al-Khayer, 200812 HMA screw packed with DBM Retrospective case series 9 Age: 42 (35-56) years
Sex: 9F
Follow-up: 40 (24-70) moVAS: 8.1 (7-9) pre-op, 4.6 (3-7) follow-up
ODI: 59 (34-70) to 45 (28-60)
EBL: <50 ml
Hospital stay: 6.9 (2-11) days
Return to work: 44.44%Deep wound infection requiring debridement and IV antibiotics (1) Abbreviations: F: female; M: male; EBL: estimated blood loss; mo: month; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index; VAS: Visual Analog Scale; DBM: demineralized bone matrix; HMA: hollow modular anchorage; BMP: bone morphogenic protein.
Author Year N for VAS N for ODI Whang 2015 102 102 Vanaclocha 2014 24 24 Rudolf 2014 17 17 Sachs 2014 144 - Ledonio 2014a - 22 Duhon 2013 32 32 Gaetani 2013 10 10 Schroeder 2013 6 6 Cummings 2013 - 18 Rudolf 2012 50 - Mason 2013 55 - Al-Khayer 2008 9 9 Overlapping cohorts excluded from analysis Khurana 2009 Included in Mason 2013 Ledonio 2014b Includes 17pts from Cummings 2013 Rudolf 2013 Sub group analysis from Rudolf 2012 Graham-Smith 2013 Included in Sachs 2014 Rudolf 2013 Sachs 2013 Sachs 2012 Complication n Surgical wound problems (including hematoma, wound infection, cellulitis) 17 Iliac fracture 1 Hairline ilium fracture at caudal implant 1 Pulmonary embolism 1 Nerve root impingement requiring revision 9 Transient post-op radiculopathic pain 3 Buttock pain 1 Low back pain 2 Trochanteric bursitis 8 Piriformis syndrome 3 Facet pain 3 Contralateral SIJ pain 2 Recurrent pain 3 Leg pain 1 Toe/foot numbness 2 Bladder incontinence 1 Total 57/432 (7.6%) Revision rate 9/432 (2.1%)
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- Minimally Invasive SI Joint Fusion Procedures for Chronic SI Joint Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Safety and Efficacy
- Patient-Reported and Radiographic Outcomes After Revision Sacroiliac Joint Fusion
- Patient-Reported and Radiographic Outcomes After Revision Sacroiliac Joint Fusion
- Surgical and clinical efficacy of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion surgery: a meta-analysis protocol
- Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion vs Conservative Management in Patients With Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Clinical Outcomes Following Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion With Decortication: The EVoluSIon Clinical Study
- Biomechanical Stability of the Sacroiliac Joint with Differing Implant Configurations in a Synthetic Model
- International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery Policy 2020 Update--Minimally Invasive Surgical Sacroiliac Joint Fusion (for Chronic Sacroiliac Joint Pain): Coverage Indications, Limitations, and Medical Necessity