Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1
Flowchart of included patients in groups A and B (n = number of patients, follow-up percentage) at 1-year follow-up. Numbers deviating in separate text boxes represent patients lost to follow-up. 1 = both patients lost to follow-up at one year answered the two-year follow-up questionnaire in group A. 2 = out of the patients lost to follow-up at one year in group B, 81 patients did not answer the two-year follow-up questionnaire.
- Fig. 2
Flowchart of included patients in groups A and B (n = number of patients, follow-up percentage) at 2-year follow-up. Numbers deviating in separate text boxes represent patients lost to follow-up. 1One patient had not reached 2 years. Discrepancies in total numbers between initial patient selection and total numbers at two-year follow-up are due to patients who had not yet reached the two-year follow-up.
- Fig. 3
Postoperative results reported with the GA score at one and two years. Outcome given as percentages of patients in each population stating a total relief of LBP (GA 1), much less LBP (GA 2), less LBP (GA 3), unchanged LBP (GA 4), and worsened LBP (GA 5). GA = global assessment of postoperative low back pain (LBP). Patients who reported a GA score of zero are not represented.
Tables
Group B Group A p Total number n = 700 n = 30 NA Mean age at operation date 41 ± 9 (range 18-64) 40 ± 9 (range 21-54) 0.81 Women n = 354 n = 12 0.25 Men n = 346 n = 18 0.25 Preoperative smoking (percentage of group) n = 67 (9.5%) n = 4 (13%) 0.47 Demographics of the included patients. P-values describe intergroup differences. Abbreviations: n = numerical value; NA = not applicable.
- Table 2
Outcome measurement Preoperative Group B Group A p VAS back pain 60 ± 20 61 ± 21 0.80 VAS leg pain 34 ± 28 32 ± 26 0.72 EQ-5D 0.4 ± 0.3 0.3 ± 0.3 0.17 SF-36 PCS 40.0 ± 13.5 38.9 ± 11.5 0.65 SF-36 MCS 33.2 ± 9.1 33.0 ± 7.6 0.94 ODI 40 ± 13 43 ± 12 0.23 Outcome measurement results preoperatively for group A and group B. Abbreviations: VAS = visual analogue scale; EQ-5D = European Quality of Life 5D; SF-36 PCS = 36-short form health survey, physical component summary; SF-36 MCS = 36-short form health survey, mental component summary; ODI = Oswestry disability index.
- Table 3
Outcome measurement At 1-year follow-up Group B Group A p VAS back pain 23 ± 25 24 ± 28 0.95 VAS leg pain 16 ± 24 16 ± 24 0.85 EQ-5D 0.7 ± 0.3 0.7 ± 0.3 0.72 SF-36 PCS 47.5 ± 12.4 44.2 ± 12.7 0.13 SF-36 MCS 45.1 ± 11.3 44.1 ± 12.0 0.79 ODI 18 ± 17 20 ± 21 0.89 Outcome measurement results at 1-year follow-up for study group and control group. Abbreviations: VAS = visual analogue scale; EQ-5D = European Quality of Life 5D; SF-36 PCS = 36-short form health survey, physical component summary; SF-36 MCS = 36-short form health survey, mental component summary; ODI = Oswestry disability index.
- Table 4
Outcome measurement At 2-year follow-up Group B Group A p VAS back pain 22 ± 26 31 ± 31 0.39 VAS leg pain 15 ± 23 16 ± 25 0.92 EQ-5D 0.7 ± 0.3 0.7 ± 0.4 0.99 SF-36 PCS 48.2 ± 12.1 47.0 ± 14.7 0.82 SF-36 MCS 46.0 ± 10.9 43.4 ± 12.2 0.34 ODI 17 ± 17 23 ± 22 0.21 Outcome measurement results at 2-year follow-up for study group and control group. Abbreviations: VAS = visual analogue scale; EQ-5D = European Quality of Life 5D; SF-36 PCS = 36-short form health survey, physical component summary; SF-36 MCS = 36-short form health survey, mental component summary; ODI = Oswestry disability index.
- Table 5
Outcome measurement Improvement from baseline to 2-year follow-up Group B Group A p VAS back pain 37 ± 28 32 ± 38 0.59 ODI 22 ± 17 20 ± 22 0.66 Mean improvement from baseline to 2-year follow-up as reported with the VAS and ODI instruments. Abbreviations: VAS = visual analogue scale; ODI = Oswestry disability index.
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