Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1
Spine Testing Apparatus with Lumbar Segment. T12 and Sacrum are set within potting resin and fixed to the testing apparatus.
- Fig. 2
Lumbar Segment with LED Tracking Bodies Attached to Anterior Surface. Local coordinate axes were defined for each vertebra with x, y and z axes oriented in the general directions depicted to the right.
- Fig. 3
FE ROM Gender Comparisons within Intervertebral Level (* Indicates significant difference between males and females at the indicated intervertebral level)
- Fig. 4
LB ROM Gender Comparisons within Intervertebral Level (* Indicates significant difference between males and females at the indicated intervertebral level)
- Fig. 5
AT ROM Gender Comparisons within Intervertebral Level (* Indicates significant difference between males and females at the indicated intervertebral level)
- Fig. 6
FE ROM Literature Values Compared to Current Study. Striped bars signify in vitro studies, while shaded ones represent in vivo. Error bars represent standard deviation.
- Fig. 7
LB ROM Literature Values Compared to Current Study. Striped bars signify in vitro studies, while shaded ones represent in vivo. Error bars represent standard deviation.
Tables
Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Age (years) 24 74 57.52 9.29 Height (in) 59 75 66.75 4.11 Weight (lbs) 90 400 215.32 79.65 Study Year Symptomatic/Asymptomatic Total Sample Size Males Females Age Range (yrs) Tanz 1953 Asymptomatic 55 17 38 10 Children, 45 Adults (2-77 years) Clayson 1962 Asymptomatic 26 0 26 College Age Froning 1968 Symptomatic but “Normal” by authors’ definition 30 unknown unknown unknown Hayes 1986 Asymptomatic 59 59 0 19-59 Dvorak 1991 Asymptomatic 41 23 18 22-50 Frobin 1996 Asymptomatic 61 45 16 19-57
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