Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow diagram. ES, epidural steroid; UBE-D, unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy.
- Figure 2
The 12-gauge, 50-mm needle was inserted through the patient’s skin into the interlaminar space near the traversing nerve root. Subsequently, the epidural catheter was threaded through the needle, positioning its tip proximate to the traversing nerve root. Following the closure of the wound, either the epidural steroid or placebo was injected for up to 2 hours postoperatively.
- Figure 3
Mean values of VAS of back pain after unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy. VAS, visual analog scale; ES, epidural steroid.
- Figure 4
Mean values of VAS of leg pain after unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy. VAS, visual analog scale; ES, epidural steroid.
- Figure 5
Mean values of ODI after unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy. ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; ES, epidural steroid.
Tables
Data ES (n = 30) Placebo (n = 30) P Sex, n (%) Men 13 (43.33) 10 (33.33) 0.59 Women 17 (56.67) 20 (66.67) Age, y, mean (SD) 49 (15) 53 (12) 0.27 Weight, kg, mean (SD) 68 (10) 65 (10) 0.27 Height, cm, mean (SD) 164 (9) 161 (8) 0.14 BMI, mean (SD) 25.35 (3.36) 25.20 (3.22) 0.86 Surgical level, n (%) L3/L4 4 (13.33) 2 (6.67) 0.561 L4/L5 17 (56.67) 16 (53.3) L5/S1 9 (30) 12 (40) Operative time, min, mean (SD) 116 (27) 112 (34) 0.63 Preoperative CRP, mean (SD) 2.8 (3.2) 3 (8) 0.89 Preoperative score, mean (SD) VAS back pain 6.4 (3.3) 5 (4.1) 0.15 VAS leg pain 7.7 (2.3) 7.8 (2.5) 0.83 ODI 54 (14) 60 (17) 0.12 Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; ES, epidural steroid; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog score.
Outcomes ES (n = 30) Placebo (n = 30) diff P VAS back pain score, mean (SD) 6 h postoperative 2.7 (1.82) 2.7 (1.62) 0 (−0.8 to 0.7) 0.93 12 h postoperative 1.96 (1.65) 1.8 (0.15) 0.16 (−0.6 to 0.9) 0.67 24 h postoperative 1.7 (1.23) 1.6 (1.16) 0.1 (−0.7 to 0.9) 0.79 3 wk postoperative 1.26 (1.77) 1 (1.53) 0.26 (−0.5 to 1.0) 0.5 6 wk postoperative 0.43 (1.10) 0.53 (1.54) −0.1 (−0.9 to 0.7) 0.8 3 mo postoperative 0.86 (2.11) 0.6 (1.22) 0.26 (−0.5 to 1.0) 0.5 6 mo postoperative 0.8 (1.64) 0.6 (1.24) 0.2 (−0.5 to 0.9) 0.61 VAS leg pain score, mean (SD) 6 h postoperative 1.56 (1.65) 1.16 (1.59) 0.4 (−1.0 to 1.9) 0.6 12 h postoperative 1.16 (1.36) 1.03 (1.40) 0.13 (−1.4 to 1.6) 0.86 24 h postoperative 0.96 (1.03) 1.13 (1.27) −0.16 (−1.7 to 1.3) 0.83 3 wk postoperative 1.57 (2.40) 1.43 (1.88) 0.14 (−0.8 to 1.1) 0.78 6 wk postoperative 1.16 (2.67) 1.03 (1.08) 0.13 (−1.4 to 1.6) 0.86 3 mo postoperative 0.93 (2.31) 0.76 (1.56) 0.17 (−1.3 to 1.7) 0.83 6 mo postoperative 1.03 (2.26) 0.76 (2.02) 0.27 (−1.2 to 1.8) 0.73 ODI score, mean (SD) 3 wk postoperative 26.46 (16.81) 28.86 (15.56) −2.4 (−9 to 4.1) 0.47 6 wk postoperative 11.33 (11.1) 11.46 (10.92) −0.13 (−6.7 to 6.4) 0.97 3 mo postoperative 7.1 (13.5) 7.6 (9.28) −0.5 (−7.1 to 6.0) 0.87 6 mo postoperative 6.13 (11.67) 7.2 (12.86) −1.1 (−7.6 to 5.5) 0.75 Abbreviations: ES, epidural steroid; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
Outcomes ES (n = 30) Placebo (n = 30) P First 24 h morphine consumption, mg, mean (SD) 1.3 (2.32) 1.2 (1.86) 0.85 Postoperative length of hospital stays, d, mean (SD) 1.53 (0.56) 1.4 (0.56) 0.36 24 h postoperative CRP, mg/L, mean (SD) 7.824 (7.03) 7.25 (9.9) 0.79 3 wk postoperative CRP, mg/L, mean (SD) 3.715 (6.34) 5.07 (10.57) 0.54 Postoperative complication for 6 mo 0 0 - Steroid-related complication for 6 mo 0 0 - Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; ES, epidural steroid.
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