Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
(A) View of pertinent anatomy during the initial stages of the lateral anterior lumbar interbody fusion approach with noted psoas muscle, left common iliac artery, and left common iliac vein. (B) Further medial dissection will reveal the anterior annulus of the L5 to S1 disc space.
- Figure 2
(A) Left common iliac vein (LCIV) type 1 of a patient in group A showing wide bifurcation of the iliac veins with the yellow arrow noting lateralization of the LCIV with a generous fat plane. (B) LCIV type 2 of a patient in group B with the yellow arrow showing medialization of the LCIV and a thin fat plane with anticipation of further dissection required for an appropriate anterior corridor in anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
- Figure 3
Anteroposterior and lateral lumbar x-ray images of patients who underwent single-position surgeries at (A) 1 level with L5 to S1 and (B) 2 levels with L4 to S1.
- Figure 4
Box and whisker plots showing overall improvements in L5 to S1 segmental lordosis and disc angle after lateral anterior lumbar interbody fusion (minimum, maximum, first quartile, third quartile, median, and mean).
- Figure 5
Operative incision-to-closure minutes of 1- and 2-level single-position surgeries that involved concurrent placement of posterior pedicle screws in lateral decubitus position with robotic assistance.
- Figure 6
Box and whisker plots showing overall improvements in Oswestry Disability Index, numerical rating scale (NRS) back, and NRS leg scores after lateral anterior lumbar interbody fusion (minimum, maximum first quartile, third quartile, median, and mean).
- Figure 7
Operative setup with the patient in lateral decubitus with the left side up as seen anteriorly. Note the retractor arms to the anterior surgeon’s left. K-wires have been placed with navigated assistance in the L3 to L4 and L4 to L5 levels at a separate incision, and the exposure has been performed at L5 to S1 with the retractor blades in place through the Alexis wound protector. The posterior surgeon (background) is completing the placement of L3 to S1 pedicle screws with robotic assistance.
Tables
Characteristic N = 50 Sex, n Men 24 Women 26 Age, y, mean (range) 59.7 (28–80) Body mass index, mean (range) 28.7 (18.2–42.6) Diagnosis, n Deformity 14 Degenerative disc disease 36 Fusion extent, n 1 Interbody level (L5–S1) 14 2 Interbody levels (L4–S1) 21 3–6 Interbody levels (L3–S1 to T12–S1) 15 Group L5–S1 Lordosis (°) L5–S1 Disc Angle (°) Disc Height, mm Preop Postop Preop Postop Preop Postop Cohort 15.7 25.3 8.1 19.7 4.0 7.6 A 16.0 25.6 7.9 19.2 4.2 7.1 B 15.4 25.0 8.3 20.2 3.8 8.1 Abbreviations: postop, postoperative; preop, preoperative.
Note: Cohort = all patients. 1–50; A = patients 1–25. B = patients 26–50.
Timepoint ODI NRS Back NRS Leg Preoperative 50.8 6.5 5.4 Postoperative 31.5 3.3 3.0 P <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Abbreviations: NRS, numerical rating scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index.
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